Introduction to Cells Flashcards
Outline the cell theory
- All organisms are made up of one or more cells
- Cells are the basic unit of organization of organisms
- All cells come from preexisting cells
Define a virus
a non-cellular structure consisting of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat; infects living cells
Explain the advantages of a light microscope
- Color images
- Larger field of view
- Easy to prepare samples
- Observe living material
Explain the advantages of an electron microscope
- Better resolution
- Higher magnification
- Ability to view subcellular organelles
Define organelle
specialized structure within a cell that has a specific function
What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular?
Unicellular: capable of carrying out all functions of life
Multicellular: differentiate to carry specialized functions by expressing only some of their genes
Draw and label a prokaryotic cell.
draw :)
state functions of prokaryotic cells
(cell wall, pili, flagella, capsule, mesosomes, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, ribosomes, naked DNA
Cell Wall - a rigid structure that helps the bacterium maintain its shape
Pili - attaches cell to surfaces
Flagella: enables movement
Capsule - the outer sticky protective layer
Mesosome - infolding of the plasma membrane to aid in compartmentalization
Cytoplasm - a gel-like liquid that fills the inside of the cell
Plasma membrane - separates the cell from the environment
Nucleoid - a region where naked DNA is found
-Ribosomes- for protein synthesis
Draw animal Cell
Draw :)
State functions of organelles in eukaryotes
(ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, and nucleus)
Ribosomes - site of protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - Manufactures proteins and membrane
Lysosomes - Intracellular digestion
Golgi Apparatus - modifies, stores, and routes products of the ER
Mitochondrion - transform energy from the surroundings into usable forms of energy; site for cellular respiration
Nucleus: contains most of the cell’s DNA
Description of prokaryotic cells
-do not have a membrane-bound nucleus nor membrane-bound organelles
-small single cells
-very little cellular organization
-single, cellular chromosome of naked DNA
-70s ribosomes
Description of eukaryotic cells
-have a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
-plant cells, animal cells, fungal cells,
-large cells that can exist as a single cell or part of a multicellular organism
-more structure and internal organization
-80s ribosomes
What are the stages involved in the cell-division cycle?
Interphase: cell growth and DNA replication
Mitosis: division of cell nucleus; production of two daughter cells
Cytokinesis: division of cytoplasm
What are the events that occur during interphase?
G1 phase: cell growth and development
S phase: growth and DNA replication
G2 phase: cell growth and preparation for cell division
What occurs during the prophase?
-nucleoli disappears
-chromatins condense into chromosomes that consist of two sister chromatids joined by centromeres
-mitotic spindle forms
-centromeres move apart
