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2020 Cariology > Introduction to Cariology Prevention is Key > Flashcards

Introduction to Cariology Prevention is Key Flashcards

1
Q

Dental caries can be a localized infection that has 2 main/primary causative agents

A

S. mutans (streptococus mutans) and lactobacillus

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2
Q

Dental Caries is a Dynamic Process which refers to:

A

the constant daily cycles of demineralization and remineralization that our teeth go through. Everyone’s Teeth

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3
Q

What food plays a huge part in caries formation and proliferation

A

Carbohydrate modified foods specifically monosaccharides

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4
Q

5 things to know about dental caries

A
  1. Localized Infection
  2. Dynamic Process
  3. Carbohydrate Modified
  4. Transmissible
  5. Preventable
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5
Q

Tell me more about how Dental Caries is Transmissible

A

Bacteria can be given to one another, animal, object. Repeated exposure can be enought to alter our established oral flora balance and tip it towards caries susceptible

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6
Q

15M or #29D are examples of

A

localized infections

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7
Q

what bacteria and type are at play in a localized infection

A

Coccus, Facultative anaerobic streptococcus mutans bacterium

and the

Short Rod gram positive
facultative anaerobic lactobacillus bacterium

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8
Q

Dynamic Process of Caries

A

refer to notability and be able to explain

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9
Q

hydroxyapatite crystals of enamel are releasing the _____ and ___ out into the oral environment as the acid moves towards the hydroxyapatite crystals.

A

PO43- (or phosphate)

Ca2+

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10
Q

Carbohydrate Modified

A

refer to notability to explain in detail

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11
Q

___ is the primary food source for our 2 caries causing bacteria

A

sucrose

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12
Q

The primary metabolic byproduct of bacteria is ___. And that ____ accumulates to where bacteria are located often in sheltered areas such as in the sulcus or interproximal.

A

acid

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13
Q

What are the 3 ways Caries can be TRANSMISSIBLE? And how quickly can it be transferred?

A

Family Members
Care-Givers
Friends

2 weeks

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14
Q

What are the 3 ways Caries can be TRANSMISSIBLE? And how quickly can bacteria establish in the mouth of others?

A

Family Members
Care-Givers
Friends

2 weeks

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15
Q

What happens when babies suck on other kids toys or get kisses. They are infected with __ and ___ bacteria

A

cariogenic

good

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16
Q

By the age of __ our oral flora balance has been completely established and will not be easily altered. But when that child grows and starts dating someone new bacteria can become established in the mouth and alter the ___ of microorganisms

A

2

balance

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17
Q

Ramifications of Untreated Caries

  • Symptoms
  • Results
A

Symptoms:

  • PAIN
  • SWELLING
  • PERIAPICAL INVOLVEMENT
  • FEVER
  • MALAISE

Results:

  • HYPERACTIVITY
  • LOSS OF TIME
  • DECREASED PRODUCTIVITY
  • EXTRACTION
  • SEPTICEMIA
  • DEATH
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18
Q

is the study of how a disease is distributed in the population.

A

Epidemiology

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19
Q

is how many people “at this time” (at the time that you are researching the disease) has the disease.
A “snapshot” of the current state of the population

A

Prevalence

20
Q

is how many new cases are coming into the population.

A

Incidence

21
Q

is many new cases (high incidence) of a disease worldwide – NOT localized to one area.

A

PANDEMIC

22
Q

is many new cases (high incidence) of a disease in one or two specific areas.

A

EPIDEMIC

23
Q

refers to the natural # of cases (prevalence) of a disease in a population, country, continent, or in the world (it just depends on how big of a population you want to look at).

A

Endemic

24
Q

CARIES IS an example of a

epidemic or endemic

A

endemic

25
Q

7 Listed Disparitys

A 
Gender
Race
Ethnicity
Sexual Orientation
Geography
Faith
Disability
26
Q

2-11 year olds Looking at this population – why might the Black, Hispanic, and Low SES populations show a history of more decay? Think on what factors might play a role.

A

Black, Hispanic, & children living in families with lower incomes have a history of more decay

people of color
low income

27
Q

12-19 year olds Looking at this population – why might the Black, Hispanic, and Low SES populations show a history of more decay? Think on what factors might play a role.

A
  • undocumented ??

living with families of lower income

28
Q

20-64 year olds Looking at this population – why might the Black, Hispanic, and Low SES populations show a history of more decay? Think on what factors might play a role.

A 
White & those adults
living in families with
higher incomes and more
education have had more
decay.
Black, Hispanic, younger
adults, & those adults
living with lower incomes
and less education have
more untreated decay.

college making poor drinking choices and food

29
Q

65+ year olds Looking at this population – why might the Black, Hispanic, and Low SES populations show a history of more decay? Think on what factors might play a role.

A 
White & those seniors
living in families with
higher incomes and more
education have had more
decay.
Black, Hispanic, & those
seniors living in families
with lower incomes and
less education have more
untreated decay.
30
Q

For those populations that fall into the “underserved” category: Why are these 4 things factors related to their caries risk?

A
  • Age
  • Education
  • Ethnicity
  • Socioeconomic status
31
Q

OR State Statistics: 2012 Smile Survey

A

Children from lower-income households have a cavity rate twice that of their higher income counterparts and more than twice the rate of rampant decay!

32
Q

What happened between 2007 and 2012

A

more people signed up for and qualified for OHP between these dates and therefore, more children were treated for decay, were able to eat better and the caries rate decreased

33
Q

But, look at the majority of Oregon! Look at the cavity rates and then look at the SE corner of Oregon! What is going on here? Can you think of any reasons why this area especially might be different?

A

rural ares?? Farmers/ect

34
Q

Oregon Disparities

4 main contributing factors

A
  • Residence
  • Insurance
  • Income
  • Ethnicity
35
Q

4 Different Types of Indices used to measure or assess caries in a population

A
  • DMF/dmf
  • df/def
  • ECC
  • RCI
36
Q

When looking at DMFT and DMFS the capital letters represent __ ____

A

permanent dentition.

37
Q

When looking at dmft, dmfs, df, def the lower case letters represent ___ ____

A

primary dentition

38
Q

DMF or dmf (permanent vs. primary) stands for

___,____,____

A

decayed, missing, and filled.

39
Q

The “T” or “S” on the end (capital or lowercase) stands for teeth or surfaces.

A

teeth or surfaces

40
Q

df or def stands for ___________

___________(depending on if you were assessing teeth or surfaces as you cannot extract a surface).

A

decayed and filled or decayed, extracted/indicated for extraction and filled

41
Q

ECC stands for ___________

_____stands for Severe Early Childhood Caries

A

Early Childhood Caries and S-ECC

42
Q

RCI is the __ ___ ___

A

Root Caries Index

43
Q

what is not counted in DMF, DMFT and DMFS

A
  • 3rd molars
  • Teeth not clinically present (may be radiologic)
  • Supernumerary teeth
  • Teeth removed or restored for non-carious reasons
  • Retained primary teeth (when permanent tooth is present)
44
Q

ECC and S-ECC

  1. Age
  2. Selection
  3. Criteria
A
  1. Age
    Younger than 5 years old
  2. Selection
    Each visible surface counted
  3. Criteria
    ECC (Early Childhood Caries): 1 or more dmfs
    S-ECC (Severe Early Childhood Caries)
    <36 months (3 years) of age: 1 or more smooth dmfs
    36-71 months of age (3-5yrs): 1 or more cavitated smooth dmft or a dmfs score of 4-6
45
Q

RCI- Root Caries Index

  1. Surfaces
  2. Criteria
  3. Ratings
A
  1. Surfaces
    - 4 root surfaces
  2. Criteria
    - If more than 1, use most severe
  3. Ratings
    - No R or M
    - R-D
    - R-F
    - R-N
46
Q

Which index is used primarily in older adults

A

RCI

47
Q

“Hundreds of millions of dollars of private funds are expended to restore the sick to health, but only a relatively small portion of this amount is spent to maintain the health of well people, even though it is definitely known that the most common physical defects and illnesses are preventable.” 1916

A

Dr. Fones

2020 Cariology (7 decks)

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