Introduction to Cariology Prevention is Key Flashcards
Dental caries can be a localized infection that has 2 main/primary causative agents
S. mutans (streptococus mutans) and lactobacillus
Dental Caries is a Dynamic Process which refers to:
the constant daily cycles of demineralization and remineralization that our teeth go through. Everyone’s Teeth
What food plays a huge part in caries formation and proliferation
Carbohydrate modified foods specifically monosaccharides
5 things to know about dental caries
- Localized Infection
- Dynamic Process
- Carbohydrate Modified
- Transmissible
- Preventable
Tell me more about how Dental Caries is Transmissible
Bacteria can be given to one another, animal, object. Repeated exposure can be enought to alter our established oral flora balance and tip it towards caries susceptible
15M or #29D are examples of
localized infections
what bacteria and type are at play in a localized infection
Coccus, Facultative anaerobic streptococcus mutans bacterium
and the
Short Rod gram positive
facultative anaerobic lactobacillus bacterium
Dynamic Process of Caries
refer to notability and be able to explain
hydroxyapatite crystals of enamel are releasing the _____ and ___ out into the oral environment as the acid moves towards the hydroxyapatite crystals.
PO43- (or phosphate)
Ca2+
Carbohydrate Modified
refer to notability to explain in detail
___ is the primary food source for our 2 caries causing bacteria
sucrose
The primary metabolic byproduct of bacteria is ___. And that ____ accumulates to where bacteria are located often in sheltered areas such as in the sulcus or interproximal.
acid
What are the 3 ways Caries can be TRANSMISSIBLE? And how quickly can it be transferred?
Family Members
Care-Givers
Friends
2 weeks
What are the 3 ways Caries can be TRANSMISSIBLE? And how quickly can bacteria establish in the mouth of others?
Family Members
Care-Givers
Friends
2 weeks
What happens when babies suck on other kids toys or get kisses. They are infected with __ and ___ bacteria
cariogenic
good
By the age of __ our oral flora balance has been completely established and will not be easily altered. But when that child grows and starts dating someone new bacteria can become established in the mouth and alter the ___ of microorganisms
2
balance
Ramifications of Untreated Caries
- Symptoms
- Results
Symptoms:
- PAIN
- SWELLING
- PERIAPICAL INVOLVEMENT
- FEVER
- MALAISE
Results:
- HYPERACTIVITY
- LOSS OF TIME
- DECREASED PRODUCTIVITY
- EXTRACTION
- SEPTICEMIA
- DEATH
is the study of how a disease is distributed in the population.
Epidemiology
is how many people “at this time” (at the time that you are researching the disease) has the disease.
A “snapshot” of the current state of the population
Prevalence
is how many new cases are coming into the population.
Incidence
is many new cases (high incidence) of a disease worldwide – NOT localized to one area.
PANDEMIC
is many new cases (high incidence) of a disease in one or two specific areas.
EPIDEMIC
refers to the natural # of cases (prevalence) of a disease in a population, country, continent, or in the world (it just depends on how big of a population you want to look at).
Endemic
CARIES IS an example of a
epidemic or endemic
endemic
7 Listed Disparitys
Gender Race Ethnicity Sexual Orientation Geography Faith Disability
2-11 year olds Looking at this population – why might the Black, Hispanic, and Low SES populations show a history of more decay? Think on what factors might play a role.
Black, Hispanic, & children living in families with lower incomes have a history of more decay
people of color
low income
12-19 year olds Looking at this population – why might the Black, Hispanic, and Low SES populations show a history of more decay? Think on what factors might play a role.
- undocumented ??
living with families of lower income
20-64 year olds Looking at this population – why might the Black, Hispanic, and Low SES populations show a history of more decay? Think on what factors might play a role.
White & those adults living in families with higher incomes and more education have had more decay.
Black, Hispanic, younger adults, & those adults living with lower incomes and less education have more untreated decay.
college making poor drinking choices and food
65+ year olds Looking at this population – why might the Black, Hispanic, and Low SES populations show a history of more decay? Think on what factors might play a role.
White & those seniors living in families with higher incomes and more education have had more decay. Black, Hispanic, & those seniors living in families with lower incomes and less education have more untreated decay.
For those populations that fall into the “underserved” category: Why are these 4 things factors related to their caries risk?
- Age
- Education
- Ethnicity
- Socioeconomic status
OR State Statistics: 2012 Smile Survey
Children from lower-income households have a cavity rate twice that of their higher income counterparts and more than twice the rate of rampant decay!
What happened between 2007 and 2012
more people signed up for and qualified for OHP between these dates and therefore, more children were treated for decay, were able to eat better and the caries rate decreased
But, look at the majority of Oregon! Look at the cavity rates and then look at the SE corner of Oregon! What is going on here? Can you think of any reasons why this area especially might be different?
rural ares?? Farmers/ect
Oregon Disparities
4 main contributing factors
- Residence
- Insurance
- Income
- Ethnicity
4 Different Types of Indices used to measure or assess caries in a population
- DMF/dmf
- df/def
- ECC
- RCI
When looking at DMFT and DMFS the capital letters represent __ ____
permanent dentition.
When looking at dmft, dmfs, df, def the lower case letters represent ___ ____
primary dentition
DMF or dmf (permanent vs. primary) stands for
___,____,____
decayed, missing, and filled.
The “T” or “S” on the end (capital or lowercase) stands for teeth or surfaces.
teeth or surfaces
df or def stands for ___________
___________(depending on if you were assessing teeth or surfaces as you cannot extract a surface).
decayed and filled or decayed, extracted/indicated for extraction and filled
ECC stands for ___________
_____stands for Severe Early Childhood Caries
Early Childhood Caries and S-ECC
RCI is the __ ___ ___
Root Caries Index
what is not counted in DMF, DMFT and DMFS
- 3rd molars
- Teeth not clinically present (may be radiologic)
- Supernumerary teeth
- Teeth removed or restored for non-carious reasons
- Retained primary teeth (when permanent tooth is present)
ECC and S-ECC
- Age
- Selection
- Criteria
- Age
Younger than 5 years old - Selection
Each visible surface counted - Criteria
ECC (Early Childhood Caries): 1 or more dmfs
S-ECC (Severe Early Childhood Caries)
<36 months (3 years) of age: 1 or more smooth dmfs
36-71 months of age (3-5yrs): 1 or more cavitated smooth dmft or a dmfs score of 4-6
RCI- Root Caries Index
- Surfaces
- Criteria
- Ratings
- Surfaces
- 4 root surfaces - Criteria
- If more than 1, use most severe - Ratings
- No R or M
- R-D
- R-F
- R-N
Which index is used primarily in older adults
RCI
“Hundreds of millions of dollars of private funds are expended to restore the sick to health, but only a relatively small portion of this amount is spent to maintain the health of well people, even though it is definitely known that the most common physical defects and illnesses are preventable.” 1916
Dr. Fones
