Introduction To Cannabis Flashcards
What is cannabis?
The general name for products from the cannabis plant that are used for their psychoactive and therapeutic effects.
How many cannabinoids have been identified?
Over 100
What are cannabinoids?
A broad class of chemical compounds named for those found in a cannabis plant and stored within the plant’s trichomes.
What are Endo cannabinoids?
Cannabinoids found in people?
What are phytocannabinoids?
Cannabinoid’s found in plants
List the two primary cannabinoids
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Cannabidiol (CBD)
List some other cannabinoids
CBN
CBG
CBC
CBL
CBD
THCV
CBDV
CBCV
CBGV
CBGM
How long ago did cannabis fibres first start being used to produce, textiles, paper, ropes, etc.?
10,000 years ago
When were the first references from China made about the medicinal use of cannabis?
5000 years ago
What was the first known documented source of the psychoactive properties of cannabis?
Pharmacopoeia
What were the two main points made about cannabis in pharmacopeia?
Flowers of the female plant provided the most medicinal value
Also warned that ingestion of too many cannabis seeds will produce visions of devils
When was the first documented use of cannabis in India and what was it used for?
Circa 1600 BC
Used as an anti-convulsant, hypnotic, anti-inflammatory drug
What conditions did ancient Egyptians use cannabis to treat?
Glaucoma, inflammation, and other conditions
When was cannabis introduced to the western world for medical purposes?
1800s
What did Dr. William O’Shaughnessy discover about cannabis in the 1830s?
That cannabis extracts could help less stomach, pain and vomiting, and people suffering from Cholera
When was cannabis widely used as a patent medicine in the US?
In the 19th and early 20th centuries
When was cannabis described in the United States pharmacopoeia for the first time?
1850
When did states begin to prohibit marijuana?
1910s
When was the marijuana tax act introduced in the US?
1937
What was the purpose of the marijuana tax act?
Federally restricted cannabis use and cannabis sale
When was cannabis removed from the United States pharmacopeia?
1942
What was the significance of the marijuana tax act for scientists?
Contributed to creating limitations on research by restricting procurement of cannabis for academic purposes.
What did the controlled substances act classify marijuana as in 1970? What other drugs are in this classification?
Classified as a schedule, one drug, along with heroin and LSD
When did researchers discover the cannabinoid receptor system?
1990s
What bill legalized temp in the United States and when?
Farm bill in 2018
What is the THC concentration threshold of hemp?
0.3%
Define a schedule one controlled substance
A drug defined us having:
A high potential for abuse
No currently accepted medicinal use in treatment in the United States
A lack of accepted safety data for use of the treatment under medical supervision
List the three THC isomers discussed in clasS
Del Delta nine
Delta eight
Delta 10
When was cannabis classified as an illicit substance in Canada?
1923
When was medical marijuana legalized in Canada?
2001
When was Bill C – 45 introduced in Canada
2018
What was the significance of Bill C 45?
Consumption and sale of recreational marijuana legalized
What year was Bill C 46 introduced in Canada?
2018
What is the significance of Bill C 46?
Amended criminal code to allow police to use roadside saliva test for drugs, including THC
Also introduced per se limit limits for THC
When were edibles, extracts and topicals legalized in Canada
2019
When did cannabis start becoming a major issue in Canada?
In the late 1960s
When was the first possession arrest for cannabis in Canada?
1937
List six common forms of cannabis.
Flower/marijuana
Kief
Hashish
Tinctures
Concentrates
Canna butter
What is kief?
Powder from ground up plant material
What is hashish?
Compressed resin
What are tinctures?
Alcohol based cannabis extracts
What are concentrates?
Highly concentrated cannabis extract
List for common ways to consume cannabis.
Smoking
Vaping
Edibles
Topical
How has cannabis pot potency changed over the last two decades?
Tripled
What are the three number of species of cannabis that are widely recognized?
Cannabis sativa
Cannabis Indica
Cannabis ruderalis
When was cannabis, sativa formally described by botanist?
1753
When was cannabis Indica discovered?
1785
What species of cannabis do the US narcotic laws refer to?
Sativa
Define marijuana
Any cannabis plant that has greater than .3% THC
Where did Indica originate?
Mountainous regions of central Asia and India
Where did sativa originate?
Asia, central and South America, Africa
Describe the size of Indica plants.
Shorter, busier plants
Often 3 to 6 feet tall
Describe the size of sativa plants.
Taller, more slender plants
Often 6 to 12 feet tall
Describe Indica leaves.
Broad, thick leaves
Describe the leaves of the sativa plant.
Narrow, long leaves
Describe the growth cycle of the Indica plant.
Grows faster with a shorter flowering period.
Describe the growth cycle of the sativa plant
Longer growing season and flowering period.
Describe the traditional views of Indica.
Believed to be physically, sedating, perfect for relaxing, reducing anxiety
Describe traditional views on sativa strains
Said to provide invigorating, uplifting effects that para while with physical activity, social, gatherings, and creative projects.
Describe a traditional views on hybrids.
Thought to fall somewhere in between, offering a balance of Indica and sativa effects.
What creates cannabinoids in the plant?
Carboxylic acid
List the two main carboxylic acids that form cannabinoids in the cannabis plant
Delta nine tetrahydro cannabinolic acid (delta 9-THCA)
Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA)
How are neutral cannabinoids formed?
Through a decarboxylation process during exposure to light, heat, or as a result of prolonged storage.
What are trichomes?
Glandular structures that range in width from 10 to 100 µm. Look like shiny, sticky crystals, giving buds their frosty appearance.
What is the function of trichomes?
Defence mechanism
What part of the cannabis plant contains the highest concentration of cannabinoids and terpenes?
Trichomes
When do trichomes start to appear on cannabis?
When the plant enters the flowering stage, just before the buds are ready for harvest
What are terpenes?
Aromatic compounds commonly produced by plants and fruit
List the most common Turpines found in cannabis. (Five).
Myrcene
Pinene
Limonene
Linalool
Beta-caryophyllene
Give some examples of extraction techniques (six)
Rosin press
Dry-sieve extraction
Water extraction
Ethanol extraction
Super critical fluid extractions using liquid CO2
Solvent extraction (butane, propane)
Why is extraction necessary? (Four)
Necessary to purify and concentrate the compounds of interest from the plant
Removes impurities
Activates the chemicals
Decarboxylation needs to occur to remove the acid precursor
What three components are required to produce rosin?
Heat
Pressure
Time
Describe water extraction and what does it produce
Bubble hash is a solvent less concentrate that is extracted using ice water
Ice makes the trichomes brittle
The ice and marijuana buds are agitated together and THC gets extracted through micron screens
How is butane hash oil made?
By blasting cannabis with butane
The butane solvent causes THC to become soluble, resulting in a butane/THC mixture
Butane is evaporated and the resulting product is an amber colored, resin or wax
What is a drawback of butane hash oil?
Can be dangerous if not done in a suitable environment
What is shatter?
A very stable and concentrated extract of cannabis that is very brittal
What is live resin?
An increasingly popular form of cannabis concentrate made by flash freezing freshly harvested plant at temperatures below -180°C.
What is another term for live resin and why is it called this?
Full plant or full spectrum because it involves the entire plant, including the flowers, leaves, branches, and even the stalk
What is the benefit of live resin?
It preserves the terpene profile of the plant.
What is diamond mining?
A highly specialized technique to isolate, potent cannabis concentrates
Involves the separation of THCA crystals from cannabis extracts
Describe THCA crystals
Pure, non-psychoactive compounds until decarboxylated.
Describe the process of diamond mining
Resin is placed into containers where it is left to separate for two or three weeks
Cannabinoid crystals start to form on the bottom of the container as the solid separate from the terpenes, forming a semi viscous liquid layer on top
Describe the common concentration of THCA in diamonds
95 to 98% pure THCA
What are some benefits of diamond mining?
High potency
Flavourful due to the terpene rich sauce
Versatile: can be consumed as concentrates, dabbed, or added to other cannabis products
