introduction to biotechnology Flashcards
Who is karol ereky
The person who created the term biotechnology
What was the oldest record of biotechnology
Production of ale and beer
What is the definition of biotechnology
LARGE SCALE Use of living organisms or parts of living organism in industrial processes
What enzyme is used in cheese making
Chymosin
What organism is used to make beer
Yeast- S.Cerevesiae
What organism makes yogurt and cheese
Lactobacillus bacteria
What makes insulin
GM bacteria
What is the name of the fungus which makes mycoproteins
Fusarium
What is the name of the organism which makes pencillin
Penicillium
How are protease enzymes used in biotechnology
Used in washing powder
Tenderise meat
What are the advantages of biotechnology
Microorganisms are cheap to grow
Production processes are cheaper
How come the production process of bioengineering of microorganisms is beneficial
Low temperature
Low atmospheric pressure
Quick reproductive rate
What is the name of the reaction vessel that microorganism are kept in for biotechnology
Fermenter- reaction vessel
what is penicillium
fungus
what is beneficial about the product harvesting of microorganisms
so much easier to harvest/ separate products from microorganisms
what is fusarium
a fungus used to make mycoproteins
what is similar between fusarium and penicillium
both fungi
what is immobolisation
technique which makes enzymes more thermostable and they can be reuused
what is aseptic
a sterile technique used to prevent growth of undesirable microorganisms
what is continuous culture fermentation
microbial culture method- nurients are added and the product is harvested throughout the fermentation process
why is it crucial to maintain aseptic conditions when making penicillin by fermentation
to avoid undesired microbe entry
prevent contamination
batch would be unusable if contamination occurred
no yield decrease
conditions remain unchanged
no competition for nutrients
in a fermenter why does temperature need to be controlled
as it could affect enzymes.
why must ph be controlled in a fermenter
can affect enzymes
why is making cheese biotechnology process (2)
uses microbes/ microorganisms
creates a product for human benefit
industrial large scale process
compare microorganism biotechnology and chemical reaction process
biotech-
lower atmospheric pressure than chemical reaction
lower temperature than chemical reaction
product is more pure and easy to isolate than in a chemical process
are there any ethical problems around the usage of microorganism
no there are nearly no ethical problems
why is it easy to harvesty products from microorganism
usually release products into surrounding medium
easy to harvest
how are mammals used in biotech
some mammals, proteins are incorporated into milk and easily harvested.
cows genetically modified to synthesise human antibodies, which can be isolated from blood
