artificial animal cloning

Question 1

what is embryo twinning

Answer 1

splitting embryo to create two genetically identical embryos

Question 2

what is enucleation

Answer 2

removal of a cell nucleus

Question 3

what is somatic cell nuclear transfer

Answer 3

process where nucleus is transfered from a somatic cell to an egg cell

Question 4

is it important to know both processes in detail, scnt, embryo splitting

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

6 markers

Answer 5

• advantaged of animal cloning, plant cloning
• processes of both

Question 6

what stem cells are used for cloning

Answer 6

totipotent stem cells, early embryos

Question 7

why is reproductive animal cloning useful

Answer 7

valuable livestock can be produced through selective breeding. E.G. good individual provide sperm for ivf

Question 8

what process is used in embryo twinning

Answer 8

IVF- in vitro fertilisation

Question 9

what is embryo twinning

Answer 9

1- select two animals with desired characteristics
2- IVF, takes place between egg and sperm cell and zygote formed
3- zygote divides by mitosis to form a small ball of cells
4- cells separate and further divide
5- each mass of cells are placed into uterus of surrogate mother

Question 10

process of scnt

Answer 10

• egg cell is obtained from recipient
• normal somatic cell from donor is taken
• fuse together enucleated egg cell and somatic cell
• electrofusion occurs to trigger fertilisation/ development process
• cell mitotically divides to produce small ball of cells
• ball of cells are placed in surrogate mother

Question 11

what are some advantages to artificial animal cloning

Answer 11

can be used for skin graft
can repair damage to spinal cords of mouse
can restore production of insulin in pancreas
also can research action of genes and hormones
research of medicinal drugs
increase numbers of an endangered species

Question 12

what is the negatives of artificial animal cloning

Answer 12

lack of genetic varitation
cloned animals are less healthy and die sooner (dolly)
ethical reasons for use of embryos- is it right to create life and destroy it

Question 13

who is dolly

Answer 13

a sheep that was created through scnt, she ended up suffering and dying early

Question 14

what percentage of alleles is shared between identical twins

Answer 14

100%

Question 15

what dvision process occurs in asexual reproduction

Answer 15

mitosis