Introduction To Biological Molecules

Question 1

What covelant bonds can carbon form?

Answer 1

Single, double and triple

Question 2

What is the name for substance that can form 4 covalent bonds?

Answer 2

Tetravalant

Question 3

Alkene

Answer 3

Carbon carbon double bond

Question 4

Alkyne

Answer 4

Carbon carbon triple bond

Question 5

Ether

Answer 5

Carbon - oxygen - carbon

Question 6

Amine

Answer 6

Nitrogen containing

Question 7

Aldehyde

Answer 7

Suffix - al

Carbon double bonds to an oxygen and single bond to a Hydrogen

Question 8

Ketone

Answer 8

Carbon to oxygen double bond in middle of chain

Question 9

Ester

Answer 9

Carbon with double bond to oxygen joins to a oxygen at end of another R group

Oate suffix

Question 10

Thiol

Answer 10

Sulfer bonded to a hydrogen and a R group

Question 11

Phosphate

Answer 11

Central phosphorus
1 double bond to oxygen
3 bonds to oxygens with R groups on other end

Question 12

Amide

Answer 12

Nitrogen bonded to 2 different variable groups and to a carboxylate with an R group too

Question 13

What is a macromolecule?

Answer 13

Large biological molecule with repeling subunits and many functional groups

Question 14

What are the 4 groups of biologically important macromolecules?

Answer 14

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

Question 15

How are polymers formed?

Answer 15

Dehydration synthesis

Requires energy in form of ATP

Molecule of water is formed and removed

Question 16

How are polymers broken?

Answer 16

Hydrolysis

Addition of water breaks bonds

Energy released from bond is stored as ATP

Question 17

What percentage of fresh mass of living organisms is water?

Answer 17

60-90%

Question 18

Water is a medium in which….

Answer 18

Cellular chemical reactions occur

Question 19

Characteristics of water

Answer 19

• universal solvent and transporter
• lubricant (in joints and on tissues)
• Moistens (mouth and eyes)
• Shock absorber (brain CSF)

Question 20

What percent of body tissues are water?

Answer 20

62%

Question 21

How much water do we need a day

Answer 21

1.5L

Question 22

What causes hydrogen bonding?

Answer 22

Slightly positively charged hydrogens and slightl negatively charged oxygens

Question 23

How weak are hydrogen bonds in comaprison to covelant bonds?

Answer 23

5-10% the stregnth

Question 24

Why is water a universal solvent?

Answer 24

All polar (charged) molecules are water soluble as they form hydrogen bonds with water

Known to be hydrophilic

Question 25

How do non polar molecules interact with water?

Answer 25

Repel - hydrophobic

Question 26

What is the name given to complex molecules that are both hydrophobic and hydrophilic?

Answer 26

Amphiphilic

Question 27

What are surfactants?

Answer 27

compounds that lower surface tension between:
2 liquids
a gas and liquid
a solid and liquid

Question 28

What can surfactants act as?

Answer 28

detergents
wetting agents
emulsifiers
foaming agents
dispersants

Question 29

Importance of surfactants in alveoli?

Answer 29

• Surface tensions makes alveoli collapse
• alveoli secrete surfactants to reduced surface tension