Introduction To Biological Molecules Flashcards
What covelant bonds can carbon form?
Single, double and triple
What is the name for substance that can form 4 covalent bonds?
Tetravalant
Alkene
Carbon carbon double bond
Alkyne
Carbon carbon triple bond
Ether
Carbon - oxygen - carbon
Amine
Nitrogen containing
Aldehyde
Suffix - al
Carbon double bonds to an oxygen and single bond to a Hydrogen
Ketone
Carbon to oxygen double bond in middle of chain
Ester
Carbon with double bond to oxygen joins to a oxygen at end of another R group
Oate suffix
Thiol
Sulfer bonded to a hydrogen and a R group
Phosphate
Central phosphorus
1 double bond to oxygen
3 bonds to oxygens with R groups on other end
Amide
Nitrogen bonded to 2 different variable groups and to a carboxylate with an R group too
What is a macromolecule?
Large biological molecule with repeling subunits and many functional groups
What are the 4 groups of biologically important macromolecules?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
How are polymers formed?
Dehydration synthesis
Requires energy in form of ATP
Molecule of water is formed and removed
How are polymers broken?
Hydrolysis
Addition of water breaks bonds
Energy released from bond is stored as ATP
What percentage of fresh mass of living organisms is water?
60-90%
Water is a medium in which….
Cellular chemical reactions occur
Characteristics of water
- universal solvent and transporter
- lubricant (in joints and on tissues)
- Moistens (mouth and eyes)
- Shock absorber (brain CSF)
What percent of body tissues are water?
62%
How much water do we need a day
1.5L
What causes hydrogen bonding?
Slightly positively charged hydrogens and slightl negatively charged oxygens
How weak are hydrogen bonds in comaprison to covelant bonds?
5-10% the stregnth
Why is water a universal solvent?
All polar (charged) molecules are water soluble as they form hydrogen bonds with water
Known to be hydrophilic
