Introduction to Biochemistry Flashcards
Definition of Biochemistry, Four Major Biomolecules, Three Principal Areas of Biochemistry
The systematic study of living systems, their organization, & their participation in the processes of life
Biochemistry
Bio means _?
Life
Chemical processes are undergone by_?
The 4 major biomolecules
What are the four major biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acid
What are the elemental components of carbohydrates?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What are the elemental components of proteins?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
What are the elemental components of nucleic acids?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
Which 2 major biomolecules share the same elemental components?
Carbohydrates and lipids (CHO)
What are proteins made out of?
Amino acids
What are the two types of amino acids?
Essential and non-essential
This type of amino acid cannot be naturally synthesized by the body and therefore has to be obtained through diet.
Essential amino acids
What part of the body is made up of proteins?
Everything in the body is made up of proteins
This biomolecule is also known as sugar molecules, and can be broken down into glucose.
Carbohydrates
A _ is a molecule produced by a living organism.
Biomolecule
This type of amino acid is naturally produced by the body.
Non-essential amino acids
What enzyme is commonly known as blood sugar?
Glucose
Genetic material is also known as _____?
Nucleic acid
What are the two types of nucleic acid?
DNA and RNA
Which of the two types of nucleic acid is involved in protein synthesis?
RNA
What type of nucleic acid serves as a genetic blueprint?
DNA
What nucleic acid serves as a template for the production of protein?
RNA
These are known as the building blocks of proteins.
Amino acids
What carbohydrate is the main source of energy for the body’s cells, tissues, and organs?
Glucose
What are the three principal areas of biochemistry?
Structural chemistry, study of metabolism, molecular genetics
It studies the components of living matter and the relationship of biological structure to chemical function.
Structural chemistry
It is the totality of chemical reactions that occur in living matter.
Study of metabolism
This process is a collection of chemical reactions that takes place in the body’s cells.
Metabolism
This process converts the food we eat into the energy needed to power everything, from moving to thinking to growing.
Metabolism
What are the two types of metabolism?
Anabolism and catabolism
These type of enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions that synthesize larger complex molecules from smaller units.
Anabolic enzymes
What type of metabolic process is the intake of whey protein in order to gain muscle mass?
Anabolic/anabolism
What type of metabolic process is involved in doing cardio in order to lose fat/weight?
Catabolic/catabolism
Examples of this metabolic process are gluconeogenesis and protein synthesis.
Anabolism
This type of metabolism is the breaking down of complex substances into simpler substances.
Catabolism
It is a field that seeks to study heredity and the expression of genetic information in molecular terms.
Molecular genetics
Molecular genetics seeks to study heredity and the expression of genetic information in _ terms.
Molecular
Structural chemistry, study of metabolism, and molecular genetics are categorized as what?
The three principal areas of biochemistry
What are the eight (8) interdisciplinary sciences associated with biochemistry?
Organic Chemistry
Medical Research
Nutrition
Microbiology
Physiology
Cell Biology
Biophysics
Genetics
Cell biology is also known as _?
Cytology
True or False: All organic compounds are made of carbon, and all compounds that contain carbon are organic.
False. All organic compounds contain carbon, but not all compounds that contain carbon are organic.
Describes mechanisms that give a particular cell or organism its biochemical identity.
Genetics
Uses techniques of physics to help understand life at the molecular level.
Biophysics
It is the study of matter and energy within living organisms
Biophysics
Give an example of the application of biophysics in biochemistry.
The production of ATP in the cell.
ATP stands for _?
Adenosine triphosphate
Describes the biomolecular division of labor within the cell.
Cell biology
Provides understanding of life processes at the cell and tissue level & thereby opened doors for molecular investigations.
Physiology
Single-celled organisms and viruses were ideally suited for the clarification of many metabolic pathways.
Microbiology
Seeks to understand diseases stated in molecular terms.
Medical Research
Give two examples of inorganic compounds that contain carbon.
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Sodium bicarbonate
Iron cyanide complex
Table salt
Soap detergents
Give two examples of organic compounds that contain carbon.
Ethane
Ethene (ethylene)
Alcohol
Sugar
Acetylene
