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Biochemistry > Introduction to Biochemistry > Flashcards

Introduction to Biochemistry Flashcards

Definition of Biochemistry, Four Major Biomolecules, Three Principal Areas of Biochemistry

1
Q

The systematic study of living systems, their organization, & their participation in the processes of life

A

Biochemistry

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2
Q

Bio means _?

A

Life

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3
Q

Chemical processes are undergone by_?

A

The 4 major biomolecules

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4
Q

What are the four major biomolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acid

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5
Q

What are the elemental components of carbohydrates?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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6
Q

What are the elemental components of proteins?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

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7
Q

What are the elemental components of nucleic acids?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

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8
Q

Which 2 major biomolecules share the same elemental components?

A

Carbohydrates and lipids (CHO)

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9
Q

What are proteins made out of?

A

Amino acids

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10
Q

What are the two types of amino acids?

A

Essential and non-essential

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11
Q

This type of amino acid cannot be naturally synthesized by the body and therefore has to be obtained through diet.

A

Essential amino acids

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12
Q

What part of the body is made up of proteins?

A

Everything in the body is made up of proteins

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13
Q

This biomolecule is also known as sugar molecules, and can be broken down into glucose.

A

Carbohydrates

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14
Q

A _ is a molecule produced by a living organism.

A

Biomolecule

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15
Q

This type of amino acid is naturally produced by the body.

A

Non-essential amino acids

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16
Q

What enzyme is commonly known as blood sugar?

A

Glucose

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17
Q

Genetic material is also known as _____?

A

Nucleic acid

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18
Q

What are the two types of nucleic acid?

A

DNA and RNA

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19
Q

Which of the two types of nucleic acid is involved in protein synthesis?

A

RNA

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20
Q

What type of nucleic acid serves as a genetic blueprint?

A

DNA

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21
Q

What nucleic acid serves as a template for the production of protein?

A

RNA

22
Q

These are known as the building blocks of proteins.

A

Amino acids

23
Q

What carbohydrate is the main source of energy for the body’s cells, tissues, and organs?

A

Glucose

24
Q

What are the three principal areas of biochemistry?

A

Structural chemistry, study of metabolism, molecular genetics

25
Q

It studies the components of living matter and the relationship of biological structure to chemical function.

A

Structural chemistry

26
Q

It is the totality of chemical reactions that occur in living matter.

A

Study of metabolism

27
Q

This process is a collection of chemical reactions that takes place in the body’s cells.

A

Metabolism

28
Q

This process converts the food we eat into the energy needed to power everything, from moving to thinking to growing.

A

Metabolism

29
Q

What are the two types of metabolism?

A

Anabolism and catabolism

30
Q

These type of enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions that synthesize larger complex molecules from smaller units.

A

Anabolic enzymes

31
Q

What type of metabolic process is the intake of whey protein in order to gain muscle mass?

A

Anabolic/anabolism

32
Q

What type of metabolic process is involved in doing cardio in order to lose fat/weight?

A

Catabolic/catabolism

33
Q

Examples of this metabolic process are gluconeogenesis and protein synthesis.

A

Anabolism

34
Q

This type of metabolism is the breaking down of complex substances into simpler substances.

A

Catabolism

35
Q

It is a field that seeks to study heredity and the expression of genetic information in molecular terms.

A

Molecular genetics

36
Q

Molecular genetics seeks to study heredity and the expression of genetic information in _ terms.

A

Molecular

37
Q

Structural chemistry, study of metabolism, and molecular genetics are categorized as what?

A

The three principal areas of biochemistry

38
Q

What are the eight (8) interdisciplinary sciences associated with biochemistry?

A

Organic Chemistry
Medical Research
Nutrition
Microbiology
Physiology
Cell Biology
Biophysics
Genetics

39
Q

Cell biology is also known as _?

A

Cytology

40
Q

True or False: All organic compounds are made of carbon, and all compounds that contain carbon are organic.

A

False. All organic compounds contain carbon, but not all compounds that contain carbon are organic.

41
Q

Describes mechanisms that give a particular cell or organism its biochemical identity.

A

Genetics

42
Q

Uses techniques of physics to help understand life at the molecular level.

A

Biophysics

43
Q

It is the study of matter and energy within living organisms

A

Biophysics

44
Q

Give an example of the application of biophysics in biochemistry.

A

The production of ATP in the cell.

45
Q

ATP stands for _?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

46
Q

Describes the biomolecular division of labor within the cell.

A

Cell biology

47
Q

Provides understanding of life processes at the cell and tissue level & thereby opened doors for molecular investigations.

A

Physiology

48
Q

Single-celled organisms and viruses were ideally suited for the clarification of many metabolic pathways.

A

Microbiology

49
Q

Seeks to understand diseases stated in molecular terms.

A

Medical Research

50
Q

Give two examples of inorganic compounds that contain carbon.

A

Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Sodium bicarbonate
Iron cyanide complex
Table salt
Soap detergents

51
Q

Give two examples of organic compounds that contain carbon.

A

Ethane
Ethene (ethylene)
Alcohol
Sugar
Acetylene

Biochemistry (4 decks)

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