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Biochemistry > Development of Biochemistry > Flashcards

Development of Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Biochemistry spans approximately how many years?

A

400 years

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2
Q

In what year was the term “biochemistry” first used?

A

1882

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3
Q

Who is considered the Father of Biochemistry?

A

Carl Neuberg

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4
Q

Carl Neuberg proposed the term “biochemistry” in what year?

A

1903

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5
Q

Who proved that organic compounds can be created artificially?

A

Friedrich Wohler

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6
Q

Friedrich Wohler synthesized urea from inorganic compounds using ___?

A

ammonium cyanate

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7
Q

Friedrich Wohler’s study was followed by _____?

A

Chemical studies of respiration, fermentation, and the qualitative analysis of naturally occurring substances

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8
Q

What year did Friedrich Wohler complete his study of urea?

A

1828

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9
Q

What was Carl Neuberg’s nationality and occupation?

A

German chemist

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10
Q

Who coined the term “enzyme”?

A

Wilhelm Kuhne

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11
Q

“Enzyme” comes from what Greek term?

A

in leaven

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12
Q

An enzyme is considered as what type of protein?

A

Catalyst

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13
Q

What is the function of catalysts?

A

To speed up chemical processes

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14
Q

Pepsin is an example of what molecule?

A

Enzyme

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15
Q

This term was used to refer to non-living substances.

A

Enzyme

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16
Q

Saliva breaks down food in our mouth due to the presence of what enzyme?

A

Amylase/ptyalin

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17
Q

In enzymes, the suffix “ase” means ___?

A

break down

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18
Q

Mateo ate a bowl of ice cream and felt his stomach begin to hurt after a while. Mateo’s body lacks what specific enzyme?

A

Lactase

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19
Q

What enzyme breaks down sucrose?

A

Sucrase

20
Q

What enzyme breaks down sucrose?

A

Sucrase

21
Q

True or False: Eduard Buchner discovered that sugar cannot be fermented if there are no living yeast cells in the mixture.

A

FALSE. Sugar can still be fermented despite the absence of living yeast cells.

22
Q

Who studied the ability of yeast extracts to ferment sugar?

A

Eduard Buchner

23
Q

What year did Eduard Buchner’s study take place?

A

1897

24
Q

It is the process in which sugars are transformed into new products through chemical reactions

A

Fermentation

25
Q

True or False: Adding more sugar before fermenting wine will result in a higher alcohol level.

A

TRUE. Fermentation is the transformation of sugars, therefore more sugar to transform into alcohol = higher alcohol content.

26
Q

True or False: Adding more sugar before fermenting wine will result in a higher alcohol level.

A

TRUE. Fermentation is the transformation of sugars, therefore more sugar to transform into alcohol = higher alcohol content.

27
Q

What are some products created through fermentation?

A

Alcohol, dairy products (cheese, yogurt), kimchi, vinegar

28
Q

Who proved that the enzyme urease was a pure protein?

A

James B. Sumner

29
Q

How did James B. Sumner conduct his study?

A

He crystallized enzymes like any other organic compound.

30
Q

James B. Sumner conducted his study on urease and later what other enzyme?

A

catalase

31
Q

True or False: James B. Sumner proved that catalase was a pure protein in 1926, and did the same with urease in 1937.

A

FALSE. Urease was proven first in 1926, followed by catalase in 1937.

32
Q

Urease breaks down what compound?

A

Urea

33
Q

What is the function of catalase in the body?

A

It protects body cells and tissues by breaking down hydrogen peroxide

34
Q

Catalase is an enzyme. What specific chemical reaction does it catalyze?

A

The breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.

35
Q

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is broken down by catalase into what two elements?

A

Water (H2O) and oxygen (O2)

36
Q

True or False: Hydrogen peroxide is harmful to the body.

A

True, this is why it is needed to be broken down by catalase.

37
Q

Who showed DNA to be the agent of genetic transformation?

A

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

38
Q

What was James Dewey Watson’s significant contribution to biochemistry?

A

He described the structure of DNA.

39
Q

When did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty conduct their study?

A

1944

40
Q

In particular, what shape is the structure of DNA?

A

Double helical

41
Q

Give some examples of new techniques used in biochemistry that have been developed since the mid-20th century.

A

Chromatography, XRAY diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, radio isotopic labelling, electron microscopy, molecular dynamic simulations

42
Q

Who is credited with discovering the citric acid cycle?

A

Hans Krebs

43
Q

What does NMR stand for?

A

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

44
Q

Hans Krebs discovered a number of different biochemical cycles with the help of ___?

A

Hans Kornberg

45
Q

Krebs and Kornberg discovered which biochemical cycles?

A

Urea cycle, citric acid cycle, and glycoxylate cycle

46
Q

The Krebs cycle (named after Hans Krebs) is also known as ____?

A

Citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic cycle

47
Q

Why is it called the citric acid cycle?

A

Because citric acid is the first product of the cycle.

Biochemistry (4 decks)

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