Introduction to Atomic structure

Question 1

Describe the movement that particles in a solid can perform

Answer 1

Vibrating slightly in a fixed position

Question 2

Describe the movement that particles in a liquid can perform

Answer 2

Roll over each other, change positions, stay touching

Question 3

Describe the movement that particles in a gas can perform

Answer 3

Move freely in all directions to spread out

Question 4

a sample of ethanoic acid was found to boil at 121 degrees celcius, although its normal boiling point is 118 degrees celcius. Comment on this result

Answer 4

It would indicate that this substance is being boiled at greater than atomospheric pressure. The ethanoic could be contaminated to cause the boiling point to rise. The equipment may be faulty.

Question 5

State the definition of a molecule

Answer 5

A small group of atoms that are chemically bonded in a fixed proportion.

Question 6

what is all matter made up of

Answer 6

atoms

Question 7

What is the difference between a compound and a mixture

Answer 7

It is easy to separate mixtures whereas it is more difficult to separate compounds as they are chemically combined to the other element

Question 8

What is the difference between a mixture and an element

Answer 8

An element is a pure substance whereas a mixture is not

Question 9

Can mixtures be molecules

Answer 9

Mixtures could contain molecules but they need only one type of molecule

Question 10

what is an element

Answer 10

A substance containing only one type of atom

Question 11

What is a compound

Answer 11

A substance containing two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed proportion

Question 12

What is a mixture

Answer 12

Two or more elements, compounds or both that can be separated easily (not chemically bonded)

Question 13

Where are the protons and neutrons found in an atom

Answer 13

In the nucleus

Question 14

which is the smallest sub atomic particle

Answer 14

electron

Question 15

The total number of protons and neutrons is called…

Answer 15

mass number

Question 16

The atomic number of chlorine is 17, how many protons and electrons are there

Answer 16

17 electrons 17 protons (equal to the atomic number)

Question 17

How do we find out how many neutrons there are if we know the atomic number (17) and the mass number (35)

Answer 17

35-17= 18 neutrons

Question 18

What is relative atomic mass

Answer 18

it is the average mass of all the atoms in an element relative to one atomic unit

Question 19

why do we need relative atomic mass

Answer 19

Because Isotopes are atoms of the same element but have a different number of neutrons in the nucleus

Question 20

What is the maximum number of electrons a shell can contain

Answer 20

8

Question 21

What is the link between the group number and electronic structure

Answer 21

The final number of the electronic structure tells you which group the element is in, the number of electrons on the outer shell is the same number

Question 22

The periods in the periodic table are the horizontal rows, what is special about this

Answer 22

The period number is the same as the occupied electron shells

Question 23

If atoms lose or gain electrons…

Answer 23

The atom is not neutral anymore, it is a charged particle called an ion

Question 24

What is an ion

Answer 24

an ion is an electrically charged particle formed when atoms gain or lose electrons

Question 25

State the charges on ions

Answer 25

Group Charge on ions

1                            1+
2                            2+
3                            3+
4                            (share)
5                            3-
6                            2-
7                            1-
8/0                        Don’t form ions