Introduction to Aphasia slides Flashcards
what are characteristics of aphasia?
-difficulty with expressive/receptive language
-acquired
-comprehension deficits w/spoken and written
-difficulty word-finding
-caused by the brain
what is NOT aphasia?
-cognitive impairment (executive functioning aka memory problems or attention problems)
-motor problem or muscle weakness
-sensory deficit
-psychiatric disorder
what is the ASHA definition of aphasia?
an acquired communication disorder caused by brain damage, characterized by impairment of language modalities: speaking, listening, reading, and writing
it is not the result of a sensory deficit, a general intellectual deficit, or a psychiatric disorder
what arteries are the most likely to cause aphasia?
MCA and ACA
how frequent is aphasia?
180,000 diagnosed every year, about 2million Americans have it
there are more people with aphasia than Parkinson’s
what can cause aphasia?
-hemmorage
-TBI
-Stroke
-tumor
-infection
-primary progressive aphasia
what are nonmodifiable factors that can cause a stroke?
age or race
what are modifiable factors of a stroke (CVA)?
hypertension, diet, and smoking
which stroke (CVA) is more common?
ischemic
what are neoplasms?
tumors
what is the percentage of tumors that cause aphasia? what about stroke?
T: 30-50%
S: 25-50%
fluency is —
multi-dimensional
fluency is NOT….
just the # of words they use
what are the factors of fluency?
-phrase length
-rate
-thematic elaboration
-articulatory agility
-prosody
-grammar/syntax
what are some limitations of multidimensional aphasia subtypes?
-characteristics often don’t fit neatly into subtypes
-change across time
-doesnt consistently inform treatment
what are the two patterns of recovery?
- early- within first several weeks (acute aphasia)
- Late- months and years post stroke (chronic aphasia)
define spontaneous recovery
1-3 months post onset aphasia
fastest recovery: 1 month post
what are the factors of prognosis?
initial severity
lesion size and location (more important!)
pre-existing lesions and conditions
neuroplasticity
involvement in wernicke’s area
involvement of subcortical white matter
for factors of prognosis, what is the consideration for broca’s aphasia?
extension of lesion anteriorly into areas responsible for executive functions
what is Alexia without agraphia?
someone looses the ability to read but can still write
define agnosia
a neurological condition in which a person is unable to recognize or identify objects, people, sounds, shapes, or smells even though their sensory organs and memory are intact
what is pure word deafness?
a person cannot understand spoken language despite having normal hearing and the ability to speak, write, and read
they can hear sounds but cannot comprehend words
what is crossed aphasia?
a language impairment occurs after brain damage to the hemisphere that is not typically dominant for language
what are the subcortical aphasias?
thalamic aphasia
-fluent speech and frequent word substitution
anterior subcortical aphasia
-damage to the basal ganglia or nearby areas
posterior subcortical aphasia
-damage to white matter near thalamus
