Introduction to anantomy Flashcards
introduction from lecture 2
What are the three anatomical planes
- frontal plane (coronal plane - front and back)
- median (sagittal plane - left and right)
- transverse plane (horizontal plane - top and bottom)
What are all of the directional terms
- superior
- inferior
- anterior
- posterior
- proximal
- distal
- medial
- lateral
What is superior as a directional term
- upper part of the body
(cephalic/cranial)
What is inferior as a directional term
- lower part of the body
(caudal)
What is anterior as a directional term
- towards the front
(ventral)
What is posterior as a directional term
- towards the back
(dorsal)
What is proximal as a directional term
- nearer origin of structure/limb attachment point
What is distal as a directional term
- further from the origin of the structure/limb attachment point
What is medial as a directional term
- closer to the midline
What is lateral as a directional term
- further from the midline
What are the two sections of the skeleton
- axial skeleton (80 bones)
- appendicular skeleton (126 bones)
What is the axial skeleton composed of
skull and associated bones (29)
thoracic cage (25)
vertebral column (26)
What is the vertebral column (spine) made up of
- protects the spinal cord
- s shaped in adults and c shaped in newborns
- 7 bones in cervical region, 12 in thoracic region, 5 in lumbar region
- abnormal spinal curves: scoliosis, lordosis, kyphosis
What is the appendicular skeleton composed of
pectoral girdle (4)
upper limbs (60)
pelvic girdle (2)
lower limbs (60)
What is the function of the skeleton
axial skeleton
- supports and protects organs
- surface for muscle attachment
appendicular skeleton
- locomotion
- some organ protection
