Introduction, Routes Of Drug Administration

Question 1

Pharmacology

Answer 1

Is the science of drugs,
It deals with the exogenously administered chemical molecules with the living system

Question 2

Drugs

Answer 2

the chemical substances which can produce a biological response

Question 3

Who pioneered animal experiments to study effect of drugs

Answer 3

F.magende & Claude Bernerd

Question 4

Father of pharmacology

Answer 4

Oswald Schmiedeberg

Question 5

Two main divisions of pharmacology

Answer 5

Pharmacodynamic & pharmacokinetics

Question 6

Pharmacodynamic

Answer 6

What the drug does to the body.

It includes the physiological and biological effects of drug and the mechanism of action at organ system, subcellular, macromolecular levels.

Question 7

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 7

What the body does to the drugs.

It refers to the movement of drugs in and alteration of drugs by the body

Question 8

Pharmacokinetics includes

Answer 8

A- absorption
D- distribution
M- metabolism
E- excretion

Question 9

Absorption of paracetamol

Answer 9

almost completely absorbed orally attaining peak blood in 30-60 min

Question 10

Distribution of paracetamol

Answer 10

Widely and almost uniformly distributed in body.
Volume of distribution ~1L/kg

Question 11

Metabolism of paracetamol

Answer 11

Extensively metabolised in Liver,by glucuronide and sulfate conjugation

Question 12

Excretion of paracetamol

Answer 12

Inactive metabolites excreted in urine

Question 13

Plasma half life of paracetamol

Answer 13

2-3 hrs

Question 14

WHO defination of drugs

Answer 14

Any substance or product that is used or intended to be used to modify and explore the physiological systems and pathological states for the benefit of the recipient.

Question 15

Pharmacotherapeutica

Answer 15

It is the application of pharmacological information together with the knowledge of the disease for its prevention, mitigation or cure.

Question 16

Clinical pharmacology

Answer 16

It is the scientific study of drugs in man

Question 17

Chemotherapy

Answer 17

It is the treatment of systemic infection/malignancy with specific drugs that have selective toxicity for the infecting organisms/malignant cell with no/minimal effects on the host cell

Question 18

Pharmacodynamic agents

Answer 18

These are the drugs designed to have pharmacodynamic effects in the recipient

Question 19

Chemotherapeutic agents

Answer 19

These are the drugs designed to kill/inhibit invading parasites / malignant cell,but have no or minimal pharmacodynamic effects in the recipient

Question 20

Pharmacy

Answer 20

It is the art of compounding and dispensing drugs or preparing suitable dosage forms for administration of drugs to man and animals.

Question 21

Pharmaceutics

Answer 21

Large scale manufacturer of drugs

Question 22

Toxicology

Answer 22

It is the study of the poisonous effect of drugs and other chemicals with emphasis on detection, prevention and treatment of poisoning

Question 23

Orphan drugs

Answer 23

These are drugs or biological products for diagnosis/treatment/prevention of rare disease or condition for which there is no reasonable expectation that the cost of developing and marketing it will be recovered from the sales of that drug.
Governments in developed countries offer tax benefits and other incentives to pharmaceutical companies for developing and marketing orphan drugs.

Question 24

Orphan drugs example

Answer 24

I’ll- illoprost
Call-colchicine, calcitonin
Car- carboprost
For- fomivirisen
Ritu- rituximab,rifaximin
coz she is an orphan