Introduction PPT Flashcards
The internal and external elements of a building that is over the substructure
Superstructure
Transfers loads of the superstructure to the soil that is underneath
Substructure
Is the application of SOIL MECHANICS and GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING in the design of foundation
Foundation engineering
A foundation engineer must possess multi-disciplinary knowledge in the following areas
- Structural Capacity of the substructure
- Geotechnical Capacity of the soil
- Construction of foundation
The element of a structure which transfer the forces from the superstructure into the ground
Foundation
Classifications of foundation
- Shallow foundation
- Deep foundation
Two essential requirements in the design of foundations
- Total settlement
- Differential settlement
Shall be limited to a tolerable amount (pagbaba ng lupa)
Total settlement
Shall be eliminated as nearly as possible (pagbangking / not uniform)
Differential settlement
It interacts with the complex behavior of the soil such as spread footing, combined footing, mat, pile, etc.
Structural Capacity of the substructure
Soil engineering properties as the substructure transmit the load into the soil
Geotechnical Capacity of the soil
Methodology, workability, and economy of the foundation
Construction of foundation
Two components of an engineering structure
- Superstructure
- Substructure
To limit the settlement, it is necessary to
- Transmit the load of the structure to a soil stratum of sufficient strength
- Spread the load over a sufficiently large area of that stratum to minimize bearing pressure
If satisfactory soil directly underlies the structure
Shallow foundation
Adequate soil is not found immediately below the structure
Deep foundation
5 Typical foundation types
- For buildings
- For smokestacks, radio and television towers, bridge piers, etc.
- For ports and marine structures
- For machinery, turbines, generators, etc.
- Foundation elements to support open cuts or retain earth masses or bridge abutments (retaining structures)
7 General Requirements for foundations
- Depth must be adequate
- Depth must be below seasonal volume changes
- System must be safe against overturning, sliding, or soil rupture
- System must be safe against corrosion or deterioration
- System should be adequate to sustain some changes
- The foundation should be economical in terms of the method of installation
- Total earth movements and differential movement should be tolerate
Structural members used to support columns and walls and transmit their loads to the underlying soils
Footings
Material admirably suited for footings and is used as such for both reinforced concrete and structural steel buildings, bridges, towers, and other structures
Reinforced concrete
