Introduction (part of exam 1/3) Flashcards
questions about the first lecture of "Introduction to AI" given by Johannes Fürnkranz at JKU (2024W)
What is the classic definition of AI? (John McCarthy)
„the science and engineering of
making intelligent machines,
especially intelligent computer
programs.
It is related to the similar task of
using computers to understand
human intelligence, but AI does not
have to confine itself to methods
that are biologically observable.“
Who was Alan Turing?
British mathematician at the
University of Manchester. Turing is often credited as
being the key founder of theoretical computer science
and AI.
Namegiver to the Turing Award.
What is Machine Learning? (Tom Mitchell)
the science “concerned with the
question of how to construct
computer programs that
automatically improve with
experience”
What is Deep Learning? (Geoffrey Hinton, Yann LeCun, Yoshua Bengio)
a form of
machine learning
that makes use of
artificial neural
networks
How are Deep Learning, Machine Learning and AI connected to one another?
Deep Learning is a part of Machine Learning, which in turn is part of AI.
What are the two dimensions when defining AI?
Which combination do most people see as true?
- Thought process or reasoning vs behavior or action
- Success according to human standards vs success according to rationality
- Most people see “System that acts rationally” as the truest definition.
Who said the following: “The exciting new effort to make computers think… machines with minds, in the full and literal sense.”
Within the two-dimensional matrix of definitions for AI, in which quadrant does this quote fall?
Haugeland
Matrix: System that thinks like humans
Who said the following: “[The automatation of] activities that we associate with human thinking, activities such as decision-making, problem solving, learning,…”
Within the two-dimensional matrix of definitions for AI, in which quadrant does this quote fall?
Bellman
Matrix: System that thinks like humans
Who said the following: “The art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by people.”
Within the two-dimensional matrix of definitions for AI, in which quadrant does this quote fall?
Kurzweil
Matrix: System that acts like humans
Who said the following: “The study of how to make computers do things at which, at the moment, people are better.”
Within the two-dimensional matrix of definitions for AI, in which quadrant does this quote fall?
Rich and Knight
Matrix: System that acts like humans
Who said the following: “The study of mental faculties through the use of computational models.”
Within the two-dimensional matrix of definitions for AI, in which quadrant does this quote fall?
Charniak and McDermott
Matrix: System that thinks rationally
Who said the following: “The study of the computations that make it possible to perceive, reason, and act.”
Within the two-dimensional matrix of definitions for AI, in which quadrant does this quote fall?
Winston
Matrix: System that thinks rationally
Who said the following: “Computational Intelligence is the study of the design of intelligent agents.”
Within the two-dimensional matrix of definitions for AI, in which quadrant does this quote fall?
Poole et al.
Matrix: System that acts rationally
Who said the following: “AI… is concered with intelligent behavior in artifacts.”
Within the two-dimensional matrix of definitions for AI, in which quadrant does this quote fall?
Nilsson
Matrix: System that acts rationally
What is Cognitive Science in AI?
It brings together computational models from AI and experimental techniques from psychology to construct precise and testable theories of the mind.
