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Sport psychology > Introduction into psychological skill training (chapter 11) > Flashcards

Introduction into psychological skill training (chapter 11) Flashcards

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1
Q

What does psychological skill traininf refer to?

A

The systematic and consistent practice of
mental or psychological skills for the purpose of enhancing performance, increasing enjoyment, or achieving greater selfsatisfaction.

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2
Q

What is mental toughness?

A

An athletes ability to focus, rebound from failure, cope with pressure, and persist in the face of adversity. It is a form of mental resilience.

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3
Q

What are some characteristics of mentally tough athletes?

A
  • High sense of self-belief
  • An unshakeable faith that they can control their own destiny.
  • They can remain relatively unaffected by competition or adversity.
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4
Q

What is the four C model of mental toughness?

A
  • Control-handling many things at once; remaining influential rather than controlled.
  • Commitment-being deeply involved with pursuing goals despite difficulties.
  • Challenge-perceiving potential threats as opportunities for personal growth and thriving in constantly changing environments.
  • Confidence-maintaining self belief despite setbacks.
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5
Q

Why is PST important?

A
  • Athletes feel that psychological factors primarily account for day-to-day fluctuations in performance.
  • Traditionally, athletes spend little time training and practicing psychological skills.
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6
Q

What is ‘superior performance intelligence’?

A
  • Knowing how to maximize your potential
  • Knowing how to work with your environment
  • Knowing how to deliver high performance.
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7
Q

Why are psychological skills neglected?

A
  • Lack of knowledge and comfort with teaching metal skills.
  • Misunderstanding about psychological skills
  • Lack of time
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8
Q

What are the PST myths?

A
  • Is for ‘problem’ athletes only
  • Is for ‘elite’ athletes only
  • Provides quick-fix solutions
  • Is not useful
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9
Q

What are the keys to understanding PST?

A
  • PST is a proven technique but users must be realistic in their expectations
  • Psychological skills can be learned but must be practiced and integrated into a person’s daily routine.
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10
Q

How do successful athletes differ from less successful ones?

A
  • They have higher self confidence.
  • they have greater self-regulation of arousal.
  • They have better communication
  • They have more positive thoughts and images.
  • They have more determination or commitment.
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11
Q

What do athletes and coaches identify as the most important PST topics?

A
  • Arousal regulation.
  • Imagery and mental preparation
  • Confidence building
  • Increased motivation and commitment
  • Attention or concentration
  • Self-talk
  • Mental plans
  • Imagery
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12
Q

How must PST be implemented?

A

It must be individualized, employed systematically over time, and multimodal (combining different psychological skills such as imagery, self-talk and goal setting).

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13
Q

What are the three phases of PST?

A

Educational phase
Acquisition phase
Practice phase

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14
Q

What is the Educational stage for PST?

A
  • Psychological skills need to be taught and learned. Participants must recognize how important it is to acquire PST and how the skill affect performance.
  • Increase awareness of mental skills.
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15
Q

What is the acquisition phase of PST?

A
  • Focus on strategies and techniques
  • Tailor training programs to meet individual needs.
  • Provide general information to the group or team, but be specific when developing an individual’s PST program.
  • Psychological skill should be learn and practiced
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16
Q

What is the practice phase of PST?

A
  • Learning psychological skills should progress from practices and simulations to actual competitions.
  • This phase focuses on automating skills though overlearning, integrating psychological skills, and simulating the skill you want to apply to actual competitions.
  • Log books help athletes chart progress and provide feedback for improvement.
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17
Q

What is the ultimate goal of PST?

A

Self-regulation

18
Q

What is self-regulation?

A

The ability to work towards one’s short and long-term goals by effectively monitoring and managing one’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

19
Q

What are the five stages of the self regulation model?

A
  • Problem identification
  • Commitment
  • Execution
  • Environmental management
  • Generalization
20
Q

Who should conduct PST?

A

Sport psychologist or a coach can providing they:

  • Recognize their limits
  • Recognize potential conflicts of interest.
21
Q

When should you implement PST?

A

During the off season when there is more time

22
Q

How long show PST last?

A

10-15 minutes a day, three to five days per week.

23
Q

When is the best time in one’s career to engage in mental training?

A

Mental training should continue throughout an athlete’s sport participation.

24
Q

How do you design a PST program?

A
  • Discuss your approach
  • Assess the athlete’s mental skills
  • Determine which psychological skills to include
  • Design a PST schedule
  • Evaluate the program.
25
Q

During the design of a PST you need to discuss your approach, what does this mean?

A
  • Identify services to be provided.
  • Explain the differences between educational and clinical sport psychology consultants.
  • Discuss your approach
  • Build trust and a good relationship with the client.
26
Q

During the design of a PST you need to assess their metal skills, what does this mean?

A
  • Assess strengths and weaknesses (either objectively or subjectively)
  • Use psychological assessment techniques (performance profiling, oral interviews, psychological inventories)
  • Consider the unique demands of the sport.
  • Observe athletes competing and practicing
  • Obtain the perspectives of other parties involved (coaches, athlete trainers).
27
Q

During the design of a PST you need to determine which psychological skills to include, what does this mean?

A
  • Its best to prioritize objectives and emphasize a few skill initially rather than superficially working on all the needed skills.
  • You will need to look at the time available and how interested they are in receiving PST.
28
Q

What does the mental skills model by Vealey suggest to be the most important skills?

A
  • Foundation skills
  • Performance skills
  • Personal development skills
  • Team skills
29
Q

In the mental skills model by Vealey what do they mean by ‘foundation skills’?

A 
They are interpersonal resources that are the basic mental skills necessary to achieve success. These skills include:
Achievement drive
-Self awareness.
-Productive thinking
-Self confidence.
30
Q

In the mental skills model by Vealey what do they mean by ‘Performance skills’?

A

They are mental abilities critical to the execution of skills during sport performance. these skills include the following:

  • Energy management.
  • Attentional focus
  • Perceptual-motor skills.
31
Q

In the mental skills model by Vealey what do they mean by ‘Personal development skills’?

A

Mental skills that represent significant maturational markers of personal development allowing for high-levels of psychological functioning through clarity of self-concept, feelings of well-being and a sense of relatedness to other. These skills include:

  • Identity achievement
  • Interpersonal competence
32
Q

In the mental skills model by Vealey what do they mean by ‘Team skills’?

A

Are collective quantities of the team that are instrumental to an effective team climate and overall team success. These skill include:

  • Leadership
  • Cohesion
  • Team confidence.
33
Q

During the design of a PST you need to Determine a schedule, what does this mean?

A
  • Hold frequent shorter meeting rather than longer meetings infrequent ones.
  • Hold informal as well as formal meetings.
  • Whenever possible, begin PST before the season begins.
  • Systematically schedule PST as part of daily pracitce.
  • Maximize development by systematically periodization.
34
Q

What does periodization mean and when can it be used?

A

Planned variation in key training variable: volume and intensity.
It can be used for training metal skills through the preparatory, competitive and peaking phases.

35
Q

What are the common problems in implementing PST programs?

A
  • Lack of conviction
  • Lack of time
  • Lack of sport knowledge
  • Lack of follow up
36
Q

During the design of a PST you need to Evaluate the program, what does this mean?

A
  • Important but often overlooked
  • There are ethical obligations in evaluating the effectiveness of the program.
  • Use interview, written assessments and objective performance measures to evaluate.
37
Q

What makes an effective sport psychology consultant?

A
  • Accessible and could establish rapport with athletes
  • Are flexible and knowledgeable enough to meet the needs of individuals
  • Are likeable and something very concrete or practical to offer
  • Conduct several follow-up sessions with athletes throughout the season.
  • Are trustworthy and able to sit in with the team.
38
Q

What makes an ineffective sport psychology consultant?

A
  • Poor interpersonal skills
  • Lack of sensitivity to the needs of induvidual athletes
  • Lack specific psychological knowledge to apply to the sport setting
  • Demonstrate inappropriate application of consulting skills at competitions
  • Rely on a ‘the same’ approach when implementing psychological skills.
39
Q

Give examples of ‘methods and technique’?

A
  • Behavior modification
  • cognitive theory and therapy
  • Rational emotive therapy
  • Goal setting
  • Attentional control
  • Progressive muscle relaxation
  • Systematic desensitization
40
Q

What does the theory of multiple intelligences suggest?

A

That the traditional I.Q. test is too limited. That intelligence covers a much broader range e.g.

  • Word smart
  • Number/reasoning smart
  • Picture smart
  • Body smart
  • Music smart
  • People smart
  • Self smart
  • Nature smart.
41
Q

What is emotional intelligence?

A

The capacity to be aware of, control and express one’s emotions, and to handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically.

Sport psychology (6 decks)

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