Goal setting (chapter 15)

Question 1

In elite athletes why are extremely high levels of motivation required?

Answer 1

• Repeatedly produce high quality training sessions.
• Maintain motivation throughout long and grueling seasons
• Maintain motivation during periods of injury
• Maintain motivation following setbacks

Question 2

What is a subjective goal?

Answer 2

General statement of intent such as having fun or doing your best.

Question 3

What is an objective goal?

Answer 3

Attaining a specific standard of proficiency on a task, usually a specific time.

Question 4

What is an outcome goal?

Answer 4

Usually focuses on the result of a competition e.g. winning or scoring this many points.

Question 5

What is a performance goal?

Answer 5

Focuses on achieving standards of performance or objectives independently of other competitors-usually making comparisons with their previous performances e.g. running a mile in 6 mins.

Question 6

What is a process goal?

Answer 6

Focuses on the action an individual must engage in during performance to execute or perform well. e.g. a swimmer may set a goal of maintaining a straight a long, stretched-out arm pull in there free style stroke.

Question 7

What are the types of goals?

Answer 7

Process
Performance
Outcome

Question 8

How do outcome goals change behavior?

Answer 8

They can facilitate short-term motivation, but often lead to anxiety before and during competition.

Question 9

How do performance and process goals change behavior?

Answer 9

They are more precise than outcome goals and less dependent of the behavior of others.

• Particularly useful before or during competition (on rare occasions)
• To much focus on a specific performance goal can create anxiety.

Question 10

Why does goal-setting work according to the direct mechanistic view?

Answer 10

The direct mechanistic view explains that:

• Direct attention to the important elements of the skill
• Mobilize performer efforts
• Prolong performer persistence
• Further the development of new learning strategies.

Question 11

Why does goal-setting work according to the indirect thought-process view?

Answer 11

By affecting psychological factors, such as anxiety, confidence and satisfaction.

Question 12

What are the principles of goal setting?

Answer 12

1) Set specific goals
2) Set moderately difficult goals
3) Set long and short term goals
4) Set performance and process goals, as well as outcome goals.
5) Set practice and competition goals
6) Recond goals
7) Develop goal achievement stratergies.
8) Consider participants’ personalities and motivations
9) Further an individuals goal commitment
10) Provide goal support
11) Provide evaluation of and feedback about goals

Question 13

In the principles of goal setting what do we mean by, set specific goals?

Answer 13

To be most effective a goal must be stated in specific terms e.g. lower your handicap form 14 to 12.

Question 14

In the principles of goal setting what do we mean by, set moderately difficult goals?

Answer 14

The goal should be challenging but realistic enough to achieve.

Question 15

In the principles of goal setting what do we mean by, set long and short term goals?

Answer 15

Long term goals provide direction while short term goals serve as intermediate steps that lead to the long term goal.

Question 16

In the principles of goal setting what do we mean by, set performance goals, as well as outcome goals?

Answer 16

For every outcome goal, set several performance and process goals that will lead to the desired outcome.
Placing to much emphasis on the outcome goal will create anxiety during the competition.

Question 17

In the principles of goal setting what do we mean by, set practice and competition goals?

Answer 17

Makes athlete’s more focused during hours and hours of practice

Question 18

In the principles of goal setting what do we mean by, recording goals?

Answer 18

It’s recommended that once goals are set they should be recorded and placed where they can easily be seen.

Question 19

In the principles of goal setting what do we mean by, developing achievement strategies?

Answer 19

Develop specific goal achievement strategies that include how much and how often things will be done in an effort to achieve a goal. be flexible, however.

Question 20

In the principles of goal setting what do we mean by, Consider participants’ personalities and motivations?

Answer 20

When setting goals consider factors such as:
-Achievement motivation (high vs low achievers)
-Stages of achievement motivation
-Social comparison
-Task or ego orientation
Motivational climate also influences goal setting effectiveness.

Question 21

In the principles of goal setting what do we mean by, further an individuals goal commitment?

Answer 21

Promote goal commitment by encouraging progress and providing consistent feedback. Solicit (request) the athlete’s or exerciser’s input.

Question 22

In the principles of goal setting what do we mean by, Provide goal support?

Answer 22

Enlist support from significant other to make goal setting effective.

Question 23

In the principles of goal setting what do we mean by, provide evaluation of and feedback about goals?

Answer 23

Goal evaluation and feedback are essential part of facilitating behavioral change via goal setting.

Question 24

What are the common problems with goal setting?

Answer 24

• Convincing people to set goals
• Failing to set specific goals
• Setting too many goals too soon
• Failing to adjust goals
• Failure to recognize individual differences
• Not providing goal follow-up and evaluation.

Question 25

What are goals?

Answer 25

Objectives or aims of action.

Question 26

What is meant by goal difficulty?

Answer 26

Goal difficulty is how challenging the athlete will find the goal to achieve.

Question 27

What is meant by group goals?

Answer 27

The attainment of specific standards of group proficiency usually within a specified time. e.g. winning the state high school basket ball league championship.