Introduction / Interpretation Flashcards
Biller’s Pillars
- Know normal anatomy
- so you can recoginize abnormal
- Systemic approach
- so you know you have seen everything
- Describe, Describe, Describe
- so you can communicate with yourself and others
Radiographic Nomenclature:
Craniocaudal
Proximal to the carpus/tarsus
Radiographic Nomeclature:
Dorsopalmar/Dorsoplantar
Distal to the antebrachiocarpal or tarsocrural joints
The Radiograph
A 3D structure has been “compressed” into a 2D image
Magnification
Object is moved away from the plate or detector
Distortion
Actual length vs. Length of the shadow.
Mediolateral or Lateral
The beam of the x-ray passed from the medial side to the lateral side of the limb.
Dorsoventral
X-ray beam passed from the dorsal aspect to the ventral aspect
Ventrodorsal
X-ray passes from the ventral aspect to the dorsal aspect of the patient
Oblique Views:
Dorsolateral Palmarmedial Oblique
Dorsomedial view
Palmarolateral border
Ulnar carpal and accessory carpal (lateral structures) projected palmar
Oblique Views:
Dorsomedial Palmarolateral Oblique
Dorsolateral border
Palmaromedial Border
1st and 2nd carpal bones, dewclaw, medial splint, projected palmar
Dorsolateral Palmaromedial Oblique
Dorsomedial Palmarolateral Oblique
Hanging Protocols and Markers
- Radiographs must always have a label on the Film
- Marker always goes at the cranial, dorsal, or lateral aspect of the limb
- Lateral images are hung with the patient facing the left
- VD/DV images are hung with the patient “facing you” left to right
Radiographic Opacity and Contrast
Darkest to Lightest:
Gas
Fat
Soft tissue / fluid
Bone / Mineral
Metal
Border-Effacement
Loss of margins due to soft tissue / fluid up against other soft tissues structures
Summation
An increase in opacity due to superimposition of two seperate structures, as the x-rays travel through a greater thickness
