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Endo > Introduction, Instruments, Setup > Flashcards

Introduction, Instruments, Setup Flashcards

1
Q

What is endo

A

branch of dentistry dealing with morphology, physiology, and pathology of pulp and periapical tissues

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2
Q

At eruption, pulp chamber reflect external form of…

A

enamel

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3
Q

With time, what happens to pulp chamber?

A

steady readuction in size on all surfaces from secondary and tertiary dentin

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4
Q

What is a dead tooth?

A

extracted

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5
Q

doing RCT removes bacteria from what zone?

A

zone of infection

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6
Q

What are the 4 zones?

A

infection, contamination, irritation, stimulation

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7
Q

4 functions of dental pulp

A

FOrmation of dentin
defense of tooth (tertiary dentin)
nutrition of dentin
innervation of tooth

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8
Q

Odontoblasts secrete what?

A

type 1 collagen

Dentin matrix proteins (DPP DSP)

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9
Q

Dentin organic/inorganic/water comp

A

70% in
18%org
12%water

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10
Q

Primary, Secondary, Tert dentin?

A

1 - formed before eruption
2 - formed after eruption
3 - irritant to pulp

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11
Q

most numerous cell in pulp?

A

fibroblasts

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12
Q

Pulpal circulation is special because?

A
  1. terminal circulation
  2. enclosed - no space for swelling
  3. no collateral circulation
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13
Q

What types of nerve fibers are in the pulp?

A

A-delta and C

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14
Q 
A vs C fibers:
Myelin
Diameter
Central/Periph
Threshold for stimulation
Stimulation assoc with what?
A 
A:
Myelinated
Large
Peripheral
Low threshold
Stimulated without tissue dmg
C:
non-myelinated
small
central
high threshold
stimulated when dmg
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15
Q

Why do A-delta fibers have shorter survival time?

A

lower resistance to oxygen depletion

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16
Q

Hydrodynamic theory says dentinal fluids cause pressure changes where?

A

dentin, predentin, odontoblastic layer

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17
Q

5 Layers of pulp

A 
odontoblastic layer
cell free zone
cell rich zone
Plexus of Raschkow
Central Pulp Zone
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18
Q

predentin is?

A

newly formed dentin

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19
Q

Odontoblastic zone is what?

A

palisading layer of cells whose processes extend into tubules

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20
Q

Tree trunk appearance lines called what?

A

calciotraumatic

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21
Q

Cell free zone has high…

A

capillary density

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22
Q

C fibers present where?

A

Plexus of Raschkow and Central Pulp Zone

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23
Q

Venous drainage from teeth (3)

A

Pterygoid plexus, cavernous sinus, internal max. vein

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24
Q

What do neuropeptides do?

A

role in neurogenic inflammation
control bloodflow
regulate later stages of repair

25
Q

What neuropeptide produced in trigeminal nerves?

A

Substance P

26
Q

Cascade of substance P?

A

c-fibers release –> mast cells release histamine –> increase vascular permability and BP in pulp

27
Q

Substance P levels greatly increase when?

A

irreversible pulpitis or mechanical pulp exposure

28
Q

Why are some pts more resistant to pain?

A

diff levels of substance P

29
Q

What happens with mild pulpal irritation?

A

Slight increase in cellularity into cell-free zone, increase in capillaries

30
Q

What happens in moderate pulpal irritation?

A

continued increased cellularity and capillaries, odontoblastic layer disrupted and nuclei displaced into tubules

31
Q

What happens in severe pulpal irritation?

A

Abcess, necrosis, odontoblastic layer destroyed, predentin missing

32
Q

What structure in dentin most permeable to entry into pulp?

A

dead tracts

33
Q

Even before bacteria actually reach pulp, it is inflamed why?

A

bacterial toxins

34
Q

When do irreversible inflammation insue (depth)

A

0.5mm remaining dentin

35
Q

Has degree of pulpal inflammation been accurately correlated with…
depth of dentin exposed?
speed at which pulp reacts by creating reparative dentin?

A

no

yes

36
Q

How does pulp resist inflammation?

A

laying down reparative dentin

37
Q

Repeated irritation –> ?

A

irreversible

38
Q

Correlation between pulpal status and clinical picture?

A

NO

39
Q

Internal resorption is what and what causes it?

A

resorption of dentin from inside, linked to trauma

40
Q

External resorption is what? LInked to what?

A

resorption of dentin from outside pulp, linked to trauma or ortho

41
Q

When is a root canal necessary?
(distance to pulp)
(what kind of teeth)
(consideration for crown)

A
  1. 1mm from pulp
  2. traumatized teeth
  3. not enough tooth structure for crown
42
Q

4 “main” instruments

A
  1. mirro
  2. explorer
  3. locking pliers
  4. spoon excavator
43
Q

cold testing causes what movement in tubules? Should have response within how long?

A

outward, 15s

44
Q

Does number in electronic pulp testing indicate level of inflamation/

A

no

45
Q

Burs for access? Which for anterior/molar

A

2,4 round, 44C and F diamond

2 for ant
4 for molar

46
Q

Which hand files do we use?
Stands for?
Made by twisting a?
Used in what movement?

A

K files
Kerr
square
1/4 turn

47
Q

ISO size colors:

A 
Purple
White
Yellow
Red
Blue
Green 
Black

starts from 10 goes up by 5

48
Q

Diameter vs # of files?

A

a 10 files is 0.1mm at apex

49
Q

What does taper mean?

A

for every millimeter up the file, the diameter increases by the amount of the taper

50
Q

What orifice openers do we us?

A

gates glidden 4,3,2

51
Q

Preflaring canals is good why?

A

gets a more accurate determination of working length

52
Q

Profile series 29 sizes?

A

Red - 0.216
Blue - 0.279
Green - 0.360
Brown - 0.465

53
Q

Landed vs Non-landed?

A

Landed are slower, safer, less aggressive

Non-landed more prone to breaking

54
Q

What is intracanal medicament? What do we use?

A

Kills bacteria in canals between visits

Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2

55
Q

What does calcium hydroxide do?

A

pH raised to 12.5…

  1. Cell membrane dmg
  2. Protein denaturation
  3. DNA dmg
56
Q

Obturation phases of gutta percha?

A

115f/46C degrees transition from beta to alpha phase, amorphous at 130-140F/54-60C

57
Q

What is the sealer made of?

A

Zinc oxide eugenol?

58
Q

Sealer purpose?

A

fills in spaces around GP

59
Q

Most commonly used temp material in endo is?How much needed for successful seal?

A

Cavit, need 3.5mm

Endo (9 decks)

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