Introduction Class

Question 1

les devises

Answer 1

currency

Question 2

FMN

Answer 2

Firmes Multinationale

Question 3

oligopole

Answer 3

configuration de marché ou il y a quelques vendeurs (beaucoup d’acheteurs mais moins de vendeurs)

Question 4

OMC

Answer 4

organisation mondiale du commerce. Organisation basée en Suisse. (World Trade Organisation - WTO)

Question 5

What is majority of world commerce?

Answer 5

Manufacturing, then services. Everything in the world is increasing (all the sectors) but agriculture is increasing the least. This is why these products are always protected by the government

Question 6

GATT

Answer 6

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), signed in 1947 by 23 countries, is a treaty minimizing barriers to international trade by eliminating or reducing quotas, tariffs, and subsidies. It was intended to boost economic recovery after World War II. l’OMC compte aujourd’hui 163 pays-membre et 24 pays observateurs

Question 7

Conclusions from the graphs on his slides showing PIB and commerce mondiale

Answer 7

Deux conclusions importantes avec les graphiques
Le commerce mondial croît plus vite que le PIB mondial, mais la tendance est à la baisse
Le commerce mondial croît plus vite que le PIB mondial, mais la tendance est erratique

Question 8

The New World Order

Answer 8

Royaume-Uni -> Etats-Unis -> Multipolarise

Question 9

l’OCDE (OECD)

Answer 9

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques

Question 10

How has the reverse of North-South power begun?

Answer 10

En 1948, la Chine représentait 0,9% du commerce de marchandises,15,2% en 2021.

Question 11

Glocalisation

Answer 11

refers to the adaptation of global products and services to the local market. It involves combining global and local strategies to create products or services that meet the needs of specific local markets while still maintaining a global brand identity. Glocalisation can be seen as a way to balance the benefits of standardisation and economies of scale with the need to respond to local cultural, social, and economic conditions. It is often used in the context of multinational corporations and their efforts to adapt to the local markets in which they operate.

Question 12

Les PMA

Answer 12

Pays Moins avancée

Question 13

Les avantages de la mondialisation financière

Answer 13

la libre circulation des capitaux, permettant aux pays disposant d’un excédent d’épargne de le transférer vers les pays dans le besoin.

The benefits of financial globalization include the freedom of movement of capital, allowing countries with a surplus of savings to transfer it to countries in need.

Question 14

Les risques de la mondialisation financière

Answer 14

la perte d’autonomie des économies nationales. L’incertitude des mouvements de capitaux et de devises souligne l’importance d’un système monétaire international stable et prévisible.

However, financial globalization also generates risks, such as the loss of autonomy of national economies. The uncertainty of capital and currency movements highlights the importance of a stable and predictable International Monetary System

Question 15

World Trade vs production 1960 - 2020

Answer 15

960-1973 = commerce développe et la production augmente aussi (commerce tire la production)

2005-2020 = les deux sont plus moins qu’avant. Les politiques de se protéger.
Commerce et PIB ont un corrélation -> quand une baisse, l’autre baisse.

Mais le commerce fait l’action plus fort. Le PIB monte, le commerce monte BEAUCOUP. Le PIB décline, le commerce PLONGE.