Introduction + Chapter 10

Question 0

What is a drive theory?

Answer 0

Psychological state that motives us to satisfy needs, when an individual experiences a drive they are motivated to pursue actions that reduce it e.g. when temperature decreases a person will put on a sweater or turn up the heat.

Question 1

What are the four motivation theories?

Answer 1

Energizing, directive, persistence and strength

Question 2

What is an incentive?

Answer 2

An external goal that has the ability to motivate behaviour e.g. A good grade or a prize

Question 3

What is an inherent growth tendency?

Answer 3

Basic premise that humans are naturally active and seek opportunities to learn and grow

Question 4

2 types of motivation?

Answer 4

Intrinsic: interesting and enjoyable
Extrinsic: rewards or avoidable punishment

Question 5

Over justification effect meaning?

Answer 5

When external incentives such as money decrease a persons intrinsic motivation to form a task

Question 6

What is the glucostatic theory?

Answer 6

Fluctuations in bloody glucose level are monitored in the brain where they influence the experience of hunger

Question 7

What is insulin?

Answer 7

A hormone secreted by the pancreas, just be present for cells to extract glucose from blood.

Question 8

What is ghrelin?

Answer 8

Causes the stomach to contract which promotes hunger.

Question 9

What is leptin?

Answer 9

Produced by fat cells throughout the body and released into the bloodstream. It circulates through the body and provides the hypothalamus with info about the bodies fat store.

Question 10

What are the middle region and outer region of the hypothalamus?

Answer 10

Middle region hyperphagia: excessive hunger or increased appetite
Outer region aphasia: the inability or refusal to swallow

Question 11

What is the set point theory?

Answer 11

The body monitors fat cell levels to keep them and weight fairly stable

Question 12

What is the settling point theory?

Answer 12

Proposes that weight drifts around the level at which the constellation of factors that determine food consumption and energy expenditure achieves equilibrium

Question 13

What are the 3 stages of orgasms?

Answer 13

1) excitement phase: vasocongestion produces enlarge penis and vaginal lubrication
2) plateau phase: physiological arousal begins to build at a slow phase
3) orgasm phase: when sexual arousal reaches its peak of intensity, muscles contractions, elevated heart rate and respiratory rate occur

Question 14

What is the resolution phase?

Answer 14

During this phase the psychological changes subside. Men feature a refractory period in which men cannot have much further stimulation.

Question 15

What survey did David buss conduct and what were the outcomes?

Answer 15

Buss and 50 other scientists surveyed 10,000 people in 37 cultures on what they look for in a mate.
Found that women value status and wealth and men value youthfulness and physical attractiveness

Question 16

What is the parental investment theory?

Answer 16

Males thought to compete with other males for reproductive opportunities and females are assumed to be more selective.

An individual offspring that increased the offsprings chance of survival at the cost of the parents ability

Question 17

What are pheromones?

Answer 17

Pheromones are chemicals capable of acting outside of the body of the secreting individual to impact the behaviours such as sexual arousal, and to back off

Question 18

What is the Coolidge effect?

Answer 18

The Coolidge effect is the phenomenon of a new sex partner reviving sexual interest. The refractory period is much reduced, especially in males

Question 19

What are erotic materials?

Answer 19

The use of pornography increases the desire for sex for a couple of hours in both males and females, porn also has similar effects in Monkey.

Question 20

What did Alfred Kinsey explore in terms of heterosexuals and homosexuals?

Answer 20

Found that many people who define themselves as heterosexuals have had some kind of homosexual experience and vice versa.

Created a 7 point scale showing homosexuality and heterosexuals at 2 ends of the spectrum

0-1 heterosexual 2-4 bisexual and 5-6 homosexual

Question 21

What is the environmental theory in terms of homosexuality?

Answer 21

A male is likely to become gay when raised by a weak, detached male who is a poor straight role model with a strong overprotective mother figure.

Question 22

What is the biological theory in terms of homosexuality?

Answer 22

Theorists thought there was an imbalance in hormones between straight and gay males. Not enough evidence.

Genetic predistpositon explains that gayness can be genetic through twin tests

Question 23

What is asexual?

Answer 23

Asexual describes a deficiency in sexual desire of abstinence of sexual ideas or activities

Question 24

What is the thematic apperception test?

Answer 24

A test that requires subjects to respond to vague ambiguous questions to reveal motives and traits

Question 25

What is the James lange theory of pulse and fear?

Answer 25

Notion that you assume you’re pulse is racing because you’re fearful, but you actually may be fearful because your pulse is racing

Question 26

What is the cannon bard theory of reactions and emotions?

Answer 26

Physical reactions are often accompanied by emotions, thalamus sends signals to the cortex.

Question 27

What is schacters two factor theory of external factors?

Answer 27

People look for external factors to decide what to feel e.g. When you are in a traffic jam your aroids is anger.