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A&P I > Introduction and General Orientation to Human Anatomy > Flashcards

Introduction and General Orientation to Human Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

the study of structure

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2
Q

Physiology

A

the study of function

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3
Q

Inspection

A

simply looking at the body’s appearance, as in performing a physical examination or making a clinical diagnosis from surface appearance

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4
Q

Palpation

A

feeling a structure with the hands, such as taking a pulse or feeling a swollen lymph node

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5
Q

Auscultation

A

listening to the natural sounds made by the body, such as heart and lung sounds

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6
Q

Percussion

A

the examiner taps on the body, feels for abnormal resistance, and listens to the emitted sound for signs of abnormalities such as pocket of fluid or air

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7
Q

Dissection

A

the careful cutting and separation of tissues to reveal their relationships

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8
Q

Cadaver

A

a dead human body

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9
Q

Comparative Anatomy

A

the study of more than one species to examine structural similarities and differences and analyze evolutionary trends

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10
Q

Exploratory Surgery

A

opening the body and taking a look inside to see what is wrong and what can be done about it

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11
Q

Medical Imaging

A

methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery

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12
Q

Radiology

A

the branch of medicine concerned with imaging

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13
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

structure that can be seen with the naked eye - whether by surface observation, radiology, or dissection

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14
Q

Histology (microscopic anatomy)

A

take tissue specimens, thinly slice and stain them, and observe them under the microscope

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15
Q

Histopathology

A

the microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease

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16
Q

Cytology

A

the study of the structure and function of individual cells

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17
Q

Ultrastructure

A

refers to fine detail, down to the molecular level, revealed by the electron microscope

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18
Q

Comparative Physiology

A

the study of how different species have solved problems of life such as water balance, respiration and reproduction

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19
Q

Organism

A

a single, complete individual

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20
Q

Organ System

A

a group of organs with a unique collective function

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21
Q

Organ

A

a structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a particular function

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22
Q

Tissue

A

a mass of similar cells and cell products that forms a discrete region of and organ and performs a specific function

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23
Q

Cells

A

the smallest units of and organism that carry out all the basic functions of life; nothing simpler that a cell is considered alive

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24
Q

Organelles

A

microscopic structures in a cell that carry out its individual functions

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25
Q

Molecules

A

a particle composed of at least two atoms that make up organelles and other cellular components

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26
Q

Atoms

A

the smallest particles with unique chemical identities

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27
Q

Anatomical Position

A

a stance in which a person stands erect with the feet flat on the floor and close together, arms at the sides, and the palms and face directed forward

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28
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into right and left portions

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29
Q

Median (Mid-Sagittal) Plane

A

the sagittal plane that divides the body or organ into equal halves

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30
Q

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

A

extends vertically but is perpendicular to the sagittal plane and divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

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31
Q

Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

A

passes across the body or an organ perpendicular to its long axis; it divides the body or organ into superior(upper) and inferior (lower) portions

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32
Q

Ventral

A

toward the front or belly

33
Q

Dorsal

A

toward the back or spine

34
Q

Anterior

A

toward the ventral side

35
Q

Posterior

A

toward the dorsal side

36
Q

Cephalic

A

toward the head or superior end

37
Q

Rostral

A

toward the forehead or nose

38
Q

Caudal

A

toward the tail or inferior end

39
Q

Superior

A

above

40
Q

Inferior

A

below

41
Q

Medial

A

toward the median plane

42
Q

Lateral

A

away from the median plane

43
Q

Proximal

A

closer to the point of attachment or origin

44
Q

Distal

A

farther from the point of attachment or origin

45
Q

Ipsilateral

A

on the same side of the body

46
Q

Contralateral

A

on opposite sides of the body

47
Q

Superficial

A

closer to the body surface

48
Q

Deep

A

farther from the body surface

49
Q

What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?

A

RUQ
RLQ
LUQ
LLQ

50
Q

What are the three lateral regions of the abdomen, from upper to lower?

A

hypochondriac region
lumbar region
inguinal (iliac) region

51
Q

What are the three medial regions of the abdomen, from upper to lower?

A

epigastric region
umbilical region
hypogastric (pubic) region

52
Q

Appendicular Region

A

consists of the upper and lower limbs (also called appendages or extremities)

53
Q

Arm

A

brachial region

54
Q

Forearm

A

antebrachial region

55
Q

Wrist

A

carpal region

56
Q

Hand

A

manual region

57
Q

Fingers

A

digits

58
Q

Thigh

A

femoral region

59
Q

Leg

A

crural region

60
Q

Ankle

A

tarsal region

61
Q

Foot

A

pedal region

62
Q

Toes

A

digits

63
Q

Segment (of a limb)

A

a region between one joint and the next

64
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

enclosed by the cranium (braincase) and contains the brain

65
Q

Vertebral Canal

A

enclosed by the vertebral column (backbone) and contains the spinal cord

66
Q

Meninges

A

three membrane layers that protect the delicate nervous tissue from the hard protective bone that encloses it

67
Q

Mediastinum

A

a thick wall dividing the thoracic cavity

located between the lungs, extending from the base of the neck to the diaphragm

occupied by the heart, the major blood vessels connected to it, the esophagus, the trachea and bronchi, and a gland called the thymus

68
Q

Pericardium

A

a two-layered membrane enfolding the heart

69
Q

Visceral Pericardium

A

the inner layer of the pericardium that forms the surface of the heart

70
Q

Parietal Pericardium (Pericardial Sac)

A

the outer layer of the pericardium that forms the surface of the heart

71
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

contains the heart

72
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

contains the pleural cavities and the pericardial cavity

73
Q

Pleura

A

a serous membrane lining the lungs

has visceral (inner) and parietal (outer) layers

74
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

forms the external surface of the lung

75
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

lines the inside of the rib cage

76
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

the narrow space between the visceral and parietal pleura

house the lungs

77
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

contains the abdominal cavity superiorly and the pelvic cavity inferiorly

78
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

contains the digestive organs, spleen, and kidneys

79
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

contains the bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs

A&P I (4 decks)

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