Introduction and Cell Structure Flashcards
does not have ribosomes; manufactures lipids and in some cases the metabolism of them and associated products; involved in drug detoxification; facilitates metabolism of carbohydrates and steroids
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
has ribosomes and involved in protein production, protein folding, quality control and dispatch; it also transports protein and lipids throughout the cell
rough endoplasmic reticulum
RER
microbodies of fat-storing cells in germinating fatty seeds
glyoxysomes
membrane wrapping and packaging of materials in the cell
golgi bodies
3 processes involved in cellular respiration
- glycolysis
- kreb’s cycle
- electron transport chain
contains RNA to build proteins and involved in protein synthesis
nucleolus
type of cell junction that allows passage of ions or small molecules
gap junctions
type of cell juction that holds two cells together
desmosomes
ATP
Adenosinetriphosphate
contain peroxisomal catalyse which is involved in the degradation of hydrogen peroxide which is extremely toxic to the cell
peroxisome
type of membrane that does not allow any ins and outs in the cell
impermeable membrane
cell membrane folds inward, traps and encloses a small amount of matter from the extracellular
endocytosis
type of passive transport in which solutes are moved along a concentration gradient in a solution or across a semi-permeable
simple diffusion
directs and governs cell activities
nucleus
genetics involves the ff. processes:
- reproduction
- evolution
- development
importance of cytogenetics
- analysis of hematological malignancies
- diagnosis, management and prevention of many disorders
- diagnosis of oncologic disorders
way of transferring genetic information to offspring
heredity
transformation of molecules into another form of molecules needed by the cell
golgi bodies
process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass thru a semi-permeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the solution
osmosis
change in the characteristics of species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection
evolution
powerhouse of the cell
mitochondria
carry out the synthesis of cell proteins which they find their way inside the cisternae of the RER and the protein flow into the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome
serves as the structural support to the cell and also function in cell motility and regulation
cytoskeleton
NADH
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen
involves series of redox reaction
kreb’s cycle
form spindle fibers that support and hold the chromosomes
centrosome
self death of cells
autophagy
scientific study of heredity and variation
genetics
3 major types of cell junctions
- desmosomes
- tight junctions
- gap junctions
serves to anchor cells to one another to provide a passageway for cellular exchange
cell junctions
double layer membrane that encloses the nucleus
nuclear membrane
spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane interval
facilitated diffusion
type of cell junction that prevents leakage of molecules
tight junctions
type of membrane that selects which to let in and out of the cell
semi-permeable membrane
most complex and productive pathway of cellular respiration
electron transport chain
controls the movement of materials in the cell
cell membrane
process of growing or creating something over a period of time
development
substance is expelled after being enclosed in a vesicle within the cell, used to move large molecules out of the cell
exocytosis
FAD
flavin adenine dinucleotide
transports materials, sorts and storage of cell products
golgi bodies
membrane bound sacs for storage, digesting, and waste removal
vacuoles
give at least 3 functions of lysosomes
- defense against invading bacteria and viruses through circulating macrophage
- destruction of aged red blood cells and dead cells
- scavenging of worn out cell parts and denatured protein
- dissolution of blood clot and thrombi
- secretion of hydrolases by sprem for egg penetration during fertilization
- yolk digestion during embryonic development
- lysis of organelles during cell differentiation and metamorphosis
- cellular autophagy during unfavourable environmental conditions
movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without the need of energy input
passive transport
the basic foundation of genetics
cell
serves as general storage and working area of the cell
cytoplasm
contains instructions for traits and characteristics for organism
chromatin
it involves protein carrier and energy from the inside of the cell to allow the substance to pass
active transport
replication of organisms
reproduction
study of inheritance in relation to the structure and functions of chromosomes
cytogenetics
occurs in the cell cytoplasm for eukaryotic cell and in the membrane of bacteria; results to: pyruvic acid, ATP, NADH
glycolysis
consist of flattened single membrane vesicles whose inner compartment interconnected to form channels throughout the cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum
type of membrane that does not select which substance to let in and out
permeable membrane
deviation from characteristics, form and function
variation
NAD
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
