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CYTOGENETICS > Introduction and Cell Structure > Flashcards

Introduction and Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

does not have ribosomes; manufactures lipids and in some cases the metabolism of them and associated products; involved in drug detoxification; facilitates metabolism of carbohydrates and steroids

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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2
Q

has ribosomes and involved in protein production, protein folding, quality control and dispatch; it also transports protein and lipids throughout the cell

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

RER

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3
Q

microbodies of fat-storing cells in germinating fatty seeds

A

glyoxysomes

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4
Q

membrane wrapping and packaging of materials in the cell

A

golgi bodies

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5
Q

3 processes involved in cellular respiration

A
  • glycolysis
  • kreb’s cycle
  • electron transport chain
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6
Q

contains RNA to build proteins and involved in protein synthesis

A

nucleolus

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7
Q

type of cell junction that allows passage of ions or small molecules

A

gap junctions

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8
Q

type of cell juction that holds two cells together

A

desmosomes

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9
Q

ATP

A

Adenosinetriphosphate

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10
Q

contain peroxisomal catalyse which is involved in the degradation of hydrogen peroxide which is extremely toxic to the cell

A

peroxisome

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11
Q

type of membrane that does not allow any ins and outs in the cell

A

impermeable membrane

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12
Q

cell membrane folds inward, traps and encloses a small amount of matter from the extracellular

A

endocytosis

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13
Q

type of passive transport in which solutes are moved along a concentration gradient in a solution or across a semi-permeable

A

simple diffusion

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14
Q

directs and governs cell activities

A

nucleus

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15
Q

genetics involves the ff. processes:

A
  • reproduction
  • evolution
  • development
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16
Q

importance of cytogenetics

A
  • analysis of hematological malignancies
  • diagnosis, management and prevention of many disorders
  • diagnosis of oncologic disorders
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17
Q

way of transferring genetic information to offspring

A

heredity

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18
Q

transformation of molecules into another form of molecules needed by the cell

A

golgi bodies

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19
Q

process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass thru a semi-permeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the solution

A

osmosis

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20
Q

change in the characteristics of species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection

A

evolution

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21
Q

powerhouse of the cell

A

mitochondria

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22
Q

carry out the synthesis of cell proteins which they find their way inside the cisternae of the RER and the protein flow into the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

ribosome

23
Q

serves as the structural support to the cell and also function in cell motility and regulation

A

cytoskeleton

24
Q

NADH

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen

25
Q

involves series of redox reaction

A

kreb’s cycle

26
Q

form spindle fibers that support and hold the chromosomes

A

centrosome

27
Q

self death of cells

A

autophagy

28
Q

scientific study of heredity and variation

A

genetics

29
Q

3 major types of cell junctions

A
  • desmosomes
  • tight junctions
  • gap junctions
30
Q

serves to anchor cells to one another to provide a passageway for cellular exchange

A

cell junctions

31
Q

double layer membrane that encloses the nucleus

A

nuclear membrane

32
Q

spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane interval

A

facilitated diffusion

33
Q

type of cell junction that prevents leakage of molecules

A

tight junctions

34
Q

type of membrane that selects which to let in and out of the cell

A

semi-permeable membrane

35
Q

most complex and productive pathway of cellular respiration

A

electron transport chain

36
Q

controls the movement of materials in the cell

A

cell membrane

37
Q

process of growing or creating something over a period of time

A

development

38
Q

substance is expelled after being enclosed in a vesicle within the cell, used to move large molecules out of the cell

A

exocytosis

39
Q

FAD

A

flavin adenine dinucleotide

40
Q

transports materials, sorts and storage of cell products

A

golgi bodies

41
Q

membrane bound sacs for storage, digesting, and waste removal

A

vacuoles

42
Q

give at least 3 functions of lysosomes

A
  • defense against invading bacteria and viruses through circulating macrophage
  • destruction of aged red blood cells and dead cells
  • scavenging of worn out cell parts and denatured protein
  • dissolution of blood clot and thrombi
  • secretion of hydrolases by sprem for egg penetration during fertilization
  • yolk digestion during embryonic development
  • lysis of organelles during cell differentiation and metamorphosis
  • cellular autophagy during unfavourable environmental conditions
43
Q

movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without the need of energy input

A

passive transport

44
Q

the basic foundation of genetics

A

cell

45
Q

serves as general storage and working area of the cell

A

cytoplasm

46
Q

contains instructions for traits and characteristics for organism

A

chromatin

47
Q

it involves protein carrier and energy from the inside of the cell to allow the substance to pass

A

active transport

48
Q

replication of organisms

A

reproduction

49
Q

study of inheritance in relation to the structure and functions of chromosomes

A

cytogenetics

50
Q

occurs in the cell cytoplasm for eukaryotic cell and in the membrane of bacteria; results to: pyruvic acid, ATP, NADH

A

glycolysis

51
Q

consist of flattened single membrane vesicles whose inner compartment interconnected to form channels throughout the cytoplasm

A

endoplasmic reticulum

52
Q

type of membrane that does not select which substance to let in and out

A

permeable membrane

53
Q

deviation from characteristics, form and function

A

variation

54
Q

NAD

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

CYTOGENETICS (5 decks)

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