Introduction and Cell Structure

Question 1

does not have ribosomes; manufactures lipids and in some cases the metabolism of them and associated products; involved in drug detoxification; facilitates metabolism of carbohydrates and steroids

Answer 1

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 2

has ribosomes and involved in protein production, protein folding, quality control and dispatch; it also transports protein and lipids throughout the cell

Answer 2

rough endoplasmic reticulum

RER

Question 3

microbodies of fat-storing cells in germinating fatty seeds

Answer 3

glyoxysomes

Question 4

membrane wrapping and packaging of materials in the cell

Answer 4

golgi bodies

Question 5

3 processes involved in cellular respiration

Answer 5

• glycolysis
• kreb’s cycle
• electron transport chain

Question 6

contains RNA to build proteins and involved in protein synthesis

Answer 6

nucleolus

Question 7

type of cell junction that allows passage of ions or small molecules

Answer 7

gap junctions

Question 8

type of cell juction that holds two cells together

Answer 8

desmosomes

Question 9

ATP

Answer 9

Adenosinetriphosphate

Question 10

contain peroxisomal catalyse which is involved in the degradation of hydrogen peroxide which is extremely toxic to the cell

Answer 10

peroxisome

Question 11

type of membrane that does not allow any ins and outs in the cell

Answer 11

impermeable membrane

Question 12

cell membrane folds inward, traps and encloses a small amount of matter from the extracellular

Answer 12

endocytosis

Question 13

type of passive transport in which solutes are moved along a concentration gradient in a solution or across a semi-permeable

Answer 13

simple diffusion

Question 14

directs and governs cell activities

Answer 14

nucleus

Question 15

genetics involves the ff. processes:

Answer 15

• reproduction
• evolution
• development

Question 16

importance of cytogenetics

Answer 16

• analysis of hematological malignancies
• diagnosis, management and prevention of many disorders
• diagnosis of oncologic disorders

Question 17

way of transferring genetic information to offspring

Answer 17

heredity

Question 18

transformation of molecules into another form of molecules needed by the cell

Answer 18

golgi bodies

Question 19

process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass thru a semi-permeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the solution

Answer 19

osmosis

Question 20

change in the characteristics of species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection

Answer 20

evolution

Question 21

powerhouse of the cell

Answer 21

mitochondria

Question 22

carry out the synthesis of cell proteins which they find their way inside the cisternae of the RER and the protein flow into the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

ribosome

Question 23

serves as the structural support to the cell and also function in cell motility and regulation

Answer 23

cytoskeleton

Question 24

NADH

Answer 24

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen

Question 25

involves series of redox reaction

Answer 25

kreb's cycle

Question 26

form spindle fibers that support and hold the chromosomes

Answer 26

centrosome

Question 27

self death of cells

Answer 27

autophagy

Question 28

scientific study of **heredity and variation**

Answer 28

genetics

Question 29

3 major types of cell junctions

Answer 29

* desmosomes * tight junctions * gap junctions

Question 30

serves to **anchor cells** to one another to provide a passageway for cellular exchange

Answer 30

cell junctions

Question 31

double layer membrane that encloses the nucleus

Answer 31

nuclear membrane

Question 32

spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a biological membrane **via specific transmembrane interval**

Answer 32

facilitated diffusion

Question 33

type of cell junction that **prevents leakage** of molecules

Answer 33

tight junctions

Question 34

type of membrane that selects which to let in and out of the cell

Answer 34

semi-permeable membrane

Question 35

most complex and productive pathway of cellular respiration

Answer 35

electron transport chain

Question 36

controls the movement of materials in the cell

Answer 36

cell membrane

Question 37

**process of growing or creating** something over a period of time

Answer 37

development

Question 38

substance is **expelled** after being enclosed in a vesicle within the cell, used to move large molecules out of the cell

Answer 38

exocytosis

Question 39

FAD

Answer 39

flavin adenine dinucleotide

Question 40

transports materials, sorts and storage of cell products

Answer 40

golgi bodies

Question 41

membrane bound sacs for storage, digesting, and waste removal

Answer 41

vacuoles

Question 42

give at least 3 functions of lysosomes

Answer 42

* defense against invading bacteria and viruses through circulating macrophage * destruction of aged red blood cells and dead cells * scavenging of worn out cell parts and denatured protein * dissolution of blood clot and thrombi * secretion of hydrolases by sprem for egg penetration during fertilization * yolk digestion during embryonic development * lysis of organelles during cell differentiation and metamorphosis * cellular autophagy during unfavourable environmental conditions

Question 43

movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes **without the need of energy input**

Answer 43

passive transport

Question 44

the basic foundation of genetics

Answer 44

cell

Question 45

serves as general **storage and working area** of the cell

Answer 45

cytoplasm

Question 46

contains **instructions for traits** and characteristics for organism

Answer 46

chromatin

Question 47

it **involves protein carrier and energy** from the inside of the cell to allow the substance to pass

Answer 47

active transport

Question 48

replication of organisms

Answer 48

reproduction

Question 49

study of inheritance in relation to the structure and functions of chromosomes

Answer 49

cytogenetics

Question 50

occurs in the cell cytoplasm for eukaryotic cell and in the membrane of bacteria; **results to: pyruvic acid, ATP, NADH**

Answer 50

glycolysis

Question 51

consist of flattened single membrane vesicles whose inner compartment interconnected to form channels throughout the cytoplasm

Answer 51

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 52

type of membrane that does not select which substance to let in and out

Answer 52

permeable membrane

Question 53

deviation from characteristics, form and function

Answer 53

variation

Question 54

NAD

Answer 54

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide