Introduction and anatomy of lungs, airways and blood supply.

Question 1

What are the four main functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Gas exchange.
Acid base balance
Protection from Infection.
Speech.

Question 2

What is the pharynx?

Answer 2

The throat, it is shared by the nose and mouth and the digestive system.

Question 3

What is the name of the small flap of tissue that prevents food entering the pharynx when you swallow?

Answer 3

Epiglottis.

Question 4

Does bronchus contain cartilage rings?

Answer 4

No the trachea does.

Question 5

Whats the name for the voice box?

Answer 5

Larynx

Question 6

What separates the lobes of the right lung?

Answer 6

superior and middle - horizontal fissure.

middles and inferior - oblique fissure.

Question 7

What separates the lobes in the left lung?

Answer 7

Oblique fissure separates the superior and inferior lobe.

Question 8

Name everything thats part of the upper respiratory tract.

Answer 8

Pharynx, vocal chords, oesophagus, nasal cavity, larynx.

Question 9

Name everything thats part of the lower respiratory tract.

Answer 9

lungs, bronchus, bronchioles, diaphragm

Question 10

How is the trachea patent?

Answer 10

Cartilage rings

Question 11

How is the bronchioles patent?

Answer 11

physical forces in the airflow.

Question 12

describe the larynx becoming the alveoli.

Answer 12

larynx > tracheae > bronchus > secondary bronchus > bronchiole > alveoli

Question 13

Is the trachea or alveoli more resistance to airflow?

Answer 13

Trachea because there are milllllions of alveoli.

Question 14

What type of cells are type one pneumocytes ?

Answer 14

simple squamous epithelia.

Question 15

What happens at type 1 pneunocytess?

Answer 15

Gas exchange, they are always in close contact with capillaries.

Question 16

What do type 2 pneumocytes do?

Answer 16

Produce surfactant. Reduces surface tension and helps breathing

Question 17

Where is anatomical dead space found? what is it?

Answer 17

air thats not going into the blood/ tissues but is getting carried. Found in conducting airways e.g. trachea.

Question 18

describe the lining of the respiratory tract.

Answer 18

Psuedostratishphied ciliated columnar epithelia. Glands, lymph nodes, blood vessels, mucous by goblet cells.

as you go downnnn, epithelium becomes more squamous, mucous is lost and cilia is lost last.

Question 19

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 19

blood going from heart to lungs and from lungs to heart. NOT SYSTEMATIC which drops it off all over the body.

Question 20

Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems?

Answer 20

In lungs at alveoli - o2 moves to blood.

in tissue at capillaries - o2 moves out of blood.

Question 21

What ph should the extracellular fluid be at?

Answer 21

7.4

Question 22

Whats the difference between external respiration and internal respiration ?

Answer 22

Internal - what happens in cells
External - integrating the cardiovascular and respiratory system. All the stuff they do but not the cellular stuff (breakdown of o2)

Question 23

what vessels are involved in the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 23

pulmonary artery takes blood away from heart to lungs (deoxygenated)
Pulmonary vein takes blood to heart (oxygenated)

Question 24

How does the net volume of o2/co2 exchanged in the lung differ to the net volume of o2/co2 exchanged in the tissues/

Answer 24

NO DIFFEERNEC

Question 25

Why are foreign bodies more commonly aspirated in the right lung?

Answer 25

The bronchus is wider and more angled down

Question 26

Does contraction of bronchial smooth muscle increase or decrease resistance?

Answer 26

Decreases diameter - increases resistance.