Developmental aspects of Lung Disease Flashcards
when does embryonic morphogenesis occur?
3 - 8 weeks
When is the trachea developed as an offshoot from the primitive foregut?
embryonic morphogenesis
during embryonic morphogenesis, do the lungs secrete or absorb liquid?
They secrete liquid, which is a major component of the amniotic fluid including urine.
When does pseudo - glandular morphogenesis occur?
5 -17 weeks
What occurs during pseudo- glandular morphogenesis?
Continued formation of major airways
Budding out - the bronchi start to form a few branches.
Lobes of lung form.
Primitive tubules form.
When does canalicular morphogenesis occur?
16 - 26 weeks
When is gas exchange made possible during development of embryo (life outside uterus is possible)?
canalicular morphogenesis
What occurs during canalicular morphogenesis?
Epithelial differentiation
acini begin to form (wee sac like cavities). Gas exchange becomes possible as the airway in thinner and more spongey
When does saccular morphogenesis occur?
24 - 36 weeks
What occurs during saccular morphogenesis?
more acini formed which bud into alveoli.
When does alveolar morphogenesis occur?
36 weeks to 3 years
What occurs during alveolar morphogenesis ?
Your alveoli keep getting formed. After this, they only grow.
When is the air-blood barrier formed? What is it?
Canalicular period. alveolar capillary - stops air bubbles going into blood.
When does surfactant production occur?
From saccular period until birth - more after birth.
When does the embryonic period become the fetal period?
About a third through the pseudo glandular stage.
When do the lungs go from fluid excreting to fluid absorbing?
Birth - the first few breaths.
When does the diaphragm close?? (the separate tissues growing, meeting in the middle and fusing)
around 18 weeks.
Name 3 embryonic period abnormalities.
Tracheal and laryngeal stenosis (narrowing - short or long segment) Pulmonary genesis (absence of lung lobe or bronchi) Trachea-Oesophageal fistula
what is pulmonary sequestration?
Extra bit of lung in the wrong place
What is cystadenomatoid malformation?
a type of malformation of airways.
What will a diaphragmatic hernia do?
bowel migrates up to chest. Its more common in the left lung - and will make the left lung underdeveloped.
What is eventuation? is it that dangerous?
weak diaphragm, slight bulge in some areas, not that dangerous.
What is transient tachypnea?
‘wet lung’ - difficulty absorbing fluid which makes it hard to breath for the baby
What is Infant respiratory distress syndrome?
Insufficient surfactant production
How can IRDS be treated?
oxygen, surfactant replacement, mechanical ventilation etc.
what can chronic neonatal lung disease (e.g BPD/CLPD) cause?
Bad bronchiolitis, asthma and future COPD.
how can antenatal in utero nicotine exposure affect babies?
Restrict the size of airway growth.
what other antenatal factors can affect the babies life?
Low birth weight, lack of nutrition, being born prematurely.
What most natal factors can affect a babies life?
Infection, pollution, lack of vitamins etc.
what is tracking?
Recording the change of pulmonary function over the course of someones life.
What increases the risk of COPD?
Low lung function track throughout life (e.g low FEV1)
Explain remodelling of the airway/lung parenchyma
changes in functional tissue of an organ. could be good or bad. Due to things such as antenatal programming, environmental exposure, gene interactions etc.
