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CNUR 203 > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Loss of fluid in the ECF (interstitial fluid & intravascular fluid(blood)) Intracellular hydration can also occur from this because fluid from ICF will move to ECF*

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2
Q

Hypovolemia Vs. Dehydration

A

Dehydration is the loss of just water, Hypovolemia is the loss of water & salts

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3
Q

List 2 Neurological impacts of Hypovolemia

A

Confusion & Restless

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4
Q

List 2 Cardiovascular impacts of Hypovolemia

A

Weak pulse & flat neck veins

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5
Q

How does Hypovolemia affect your Vs (2 ways)

A

Hypotension and tachycardia

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6
Q

List 2 Integumentary impacts of Hypovolemia

A

Dry mucous membranes, poor skin turgor

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7
Q

What are the interventions of Hypovolemia

A

Give patient Isotonic fluids (Normal Saline & Ringers Lactate)

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8
Q

What is Hypervolemia

A

Excess or fluid overload in the the ECF (interstitial fluid & intravascular fluid(blood)). Fluid will move from the intravascular fluid to the interstitial fluid because of the fluid overload* There is both an increased amt of NA and H20

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9
Q

List 3 Causes of Hypervolemia

A

Liver Failure, Ascites, Congestive Heart failure.

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10
Q

List 2 Neurological Impacts of Hypervolemia

A

Seizure & Headaches

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11
Q

List 2 Cardiovascular impacts of hypervolemia

A

Edema & Distended neck veins (JVD)

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12
Q

When does fluid gain become a concern

A

If you are gaining 1 kg per day

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13
Q

List 2 Respiratory Impacts of hypervolemia

A

Dyspnea & Crackles

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14
Q

How does Hypervolemia affect your Vs (2 ways)

A

Hypertension & Tachycardia

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15
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Low salt content in the body. Patient could have excess fluid. There is a higher concentration of salt in the cells which causes the water to move into the cells, causes cerebral edema

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16
Q

When you think of salt what should you think of

A

The brain

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17
Q

List the Neurological impacts of hyponatremia

A

Decreased LOC, Irritability, seizures

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18
Q

What is the purpose of hypertonic solutions

A

Volume Expander, Draws fluid from intracellular to extracellular fluid

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19
Q

What is the purpose of hypotonic Solution

A

It is for intracellular dehydration. Draws fluid out of vascular space into interstitial and intracellular fluid

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20
Q

Interventions for mild and severe hyponatrmemia

A

For mild hyponatremia Isotonic solution is given,

For severe hyponatremia hypertonic solution is given

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21
Q

Why would you give isotonic solution to those who is fluid overloaded

A

The solution given will go into the intravascular space balancing out the excessive fluid in the intracellular space

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22
Q

What could cause hyponatremia

A

Just thing of things that would cause excess fluid and decreased salts. Ex vommiting causes a decrease in electrolytes

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23
Q

What could cause hypernatremia

A

Just thing of things that would cause increased salts and decreased volumes, ex. not drinking enough water

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24
Q

What could cause Hypovolemia

A

Just thing of things that will decrease amt of fluid in the the body ex. vommiting

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25
Q

What could cause hypervolemia

A

Just think of things that could cause fluid retention such as urinary problems

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26
Q

Hypernatremia

A

Increased amt of Na in the bod, water goes from intracellular to extracellular space

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27
Q

What are clinical indications of hypernatremia

A

Seizures, and twitching

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28
Q

What are the clinical interventions of hypernatremia

A

Hypotonic Solutions

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29
Q

What is Calcium Inversely Related with

A

Phosphoros

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30
Q

What is hypocalcemia

A

Low amount of calcium

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31
Q

What should you think of when hearing about calcium

A

Neuromuscular Excitabiltiy (Tetany, parathesisa decreased heart contraction due to less calcium)

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32
Q

What is Chvotek’s Signs and in what type of patients is it found in

A

Twitching in the face due to hypocalcemia

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33
Q

Interventions for hypocalcemia patients

A

Calcium gluconate IV

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34
Q

What is hypercalcemia

A

Increased amounts of calcium

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35
Q

Interventions for hypercalcemia

A

Isotonic solutions preferable Ns

36
Q

Cause of hypercalcemia

A

Hyperparathyroidism

37
Q

What should you think of when you hear potassium

A

Heart

38
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Dereased amounts of potassium`

39
Q

What is a critical nursing responsibility for Hypo/HyperKalemic patients

A

Make sure their results are recents use a diluted minibag never IV push. Never give a diuretic, a K+ supplement or insulin without knowing a recent K+ level for your patient

40
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Increased amount of potassium

Primarily seen in renal disease, or acidosis*

41
Q

What should you do in mild Hyperkalemia

A

Administer furosemide

42
Q

What should you do in moderate Hyperkalemia

A

Administer Kayexalate

43
Q

What should you do in severe Hyperkalemia

A

Administer Calcium then administer insulin

44
Q

Who does K Follow

A

Insulin

45
Q

What should you think of when you hear Magnesium

A

Neuromuscular and Heart

46
Q

Whar does Hypokalemia usually go with

A

Hypomagnesia

47
Q

What is Trousseau’s Sign

A

It is a sign of latent tetany (Think of salt Bae’s Fingers) Found in hypocalcemia, and Hypomagnesia

48
Q

Hypomagnesia

A

Little magnesium and overstimulation of the heart

49
Q

Nursing interventions for hypomagnesia

A

Give magnesium supplements or IV depending on severity

50
Q

Hypermagnesia

A

Too much magnesium and under stimulation of the heart typically do to renal failure

51
Q

Nursing interventions for Hypermagnesia

A

Give calcium gluconate in an IV solution

52
Q

How do you know that 3-5% Nacl and Dextrose 10% in water is hypertonic

A

It’s because it has a higher value than the isotonic solution ex, 3% > 0.9

53
Q

Increased WBC Signifies

A

Infection, Inflammation, fever,stress

54
Q

Decreased WBC signifies

A

Autoimmune Disorders, infection, cancer

55
Q

Increased Neutrophils signifies

A

Infection

56
Q

Decreased Neutrophils signifies

A

Cancer, suppressed immune system, HIV/AIDS

57
Q

Increased Lymphocytes signifies

A

Infection, leukemia

58
Q

Increased RBC (erythrocyte) Signifies

A

Heart failure, low O2, kidney tumors

59
Q

Decreased Lymphocytes signifies

A

Autoimmune disorder, cancer, infection

60
Q

Decreased RBC (erythrocyte) Signifies

A

Kidney disease, Iron deficiency, Inflammatory disease

61
Q

Decreased Hemoglobin signifies

A

Kidney disease, anemia, Hyperparathyroidism

62
Q

Increased Hemoglobin signifies

A

Smoke, COPD, Heart failure

63
Q

Low Hematocrit Signifies

A

Blood Loss, Anemic, bone marrow problems

64
Q

High Hematocrit signifies

A

Smokers, Dehydration, certain drugs used

65
Q

Increased Platelets signifies

A

Blood loss, Iron deficiency, infections

66
Q

Decreased platelets signifies

A

Enlarged spleen, alcohol, anemia

67
Q

What does a increased pt (prothrombin time) signify

A

Liver disease, Vitamin K deficiency

68
Q

What does a increased pt ( Prothrombin time) Signify

A

Supplements that contain vitamin K, Estrogen-containing medications

69
Q

An increased PTT signifies

A

pregnancy, leukemia, liver disease

70
Q

What is ptt (Partial thromboplastin time)

A

The amount of time it takes for blood to clot

71
Q

What is pt

A

The amount of time it takes for blood to clot

72
Q

What is hematocrit

A

The volume of RBC in the whole blood

73
Q

What is INR

A

Describes the amount of time it takes for blood to clot

74
Q

What is aptt

A

This is the amount of time it takes for blood to clot

75
Q

What is Hemoglobin A1c

A

It’s a test to see the risk of gaining diabetes having a high a1c means you have a poorer control of your blood glucose levels which means you have an increased chance of diabetes

76
Q

What is bun

A

It tells you whether your kidneys and your liver is working properly

77
Q

What is creatinine

A

It tells you whether your kidneys are filtering properly typically a higher level means its losing its ability to filter properly

78
Q

What does SA02 mean

A

It is the amount of oxygen in your bloodstream

79
Q

What does HC03

A

It is the level of bicarbonate available in the body and it signifies the bodies ability to maintain the appropriate ph

80
Q

What is paco2 used for

A

It is to determine the levels of CO2 in the blood

81
Q

What is pa02 used for

A

It is used to determine the levels of O2 in the blood

82
Q

What is a fasting glucose

A

The glucose levels after not eating for 8h which is typically referring to your sleep

83
Q

What is cholestrol

A

It is a waxy fat like substance, it is used to build cells but too much of it can cause athersclerosis

84
Q

What is troponin

A

It is usually used to determine if your at a high risk for a heart attack

85
Q

What is a ck test for

A

It is used to check for any muscular abnormalities and the risk for heart attacks

86
Q

What is an albumin test used for

A

It is used to determine how well the liver is working

CNUR 203 (6 decks)

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