Endocrine System Flashcards
- Polydipsia and polyuria related to diabetes mellitus are primarily caused by which of the following?
a. The release of ketones from cells during fat metabolism
b. Fluid shifts resulting from the osmotic effect of hyperglycemia
c. Damage to the kidneys from exposure to high levels of glucose
d. Changes in red blood cells resulting from attachment of excessive glucose to hemoglobin
B
- Which statement would be correct for a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus who is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia?
a. The client must receive insulin therapy to prevent the development of ketoacidosis.
b. The client has islet-cell antibodies that have destroyed the ability of the pancreas to produce insulin.
c. The client has minimal or absent endogenous insulin secretion and requires daily insulin injections.
d. The client may have sufficient endogenous insulin to prevent ketosis but is at risk for development of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state.
D
- Analyze the following diagnostic findings for a client with type 2 diabetes. Which of the following results will need further assessment?
a. A1c 9.0%
b. FBG 7.2 mmol/L
c. BP 126/80
d. LDL cholesterol of 2.1 mmol/L
A
- Which statement by the client with type 2 diabetes is accurate?
a. “I am supposed to have a meal or snack if I drink alcohol.”
b. “I am not allowed to eat any sweets because of my diabetes.”
c. “I do not need to watch what I eat because my diabetes is not the bad kind.”
d. “The amount of fat in my diet is not important. Only carbohydrates raise my blood sugar.”
A
- The nurse is caring for a client with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. What information is essential to include in the client teaching before discharge from the hospital? (Select all that apply)
a. Insulin administration
b. Elimination of sugar from diet
c. Need to reduce physical activity
d. Use of a portable blood glucose monitor
e. Hypoglycemia prevention, symptoms, and treatment
A, D, E
- What is the priority action for the nurse to take if the client with type 2 diabetes complains of blurred vision and irritability?
a. Call the physician.
b. Administer insulin as ordered.
c. Check the client’s blood glucose level.
d. Assess for other neurological symptoms.
C
- A client with diabetes has a serum glucose level of 36 mmol/L and is unresponsive. Following assessment of the client, the nurse suspects diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) rather than hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), based on which finding?
a. Polyuria
b. Severe dehydration
c. Rapid, deep respirations
d. Decreased serum potassium
C
- Which of the following are appropriate therapies for clients with diabetes mellitus? (Select all that apply)
a. Use of diuretics to treat nephropathy
b. Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors to treat nephropathy
c. Use of serotonin agonists to decrease appetite
d. Use of laser photocoagulation to treat retinopathy
e. Use of statins to treat dyslipidemia
B,D,E
The healthcare provider is teaching a group of students about the characteristics of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following describe the underlying cause of the disease? A. Atrophy of pancreatic alpha cells B. Destruction of pancreatic beta cells C. Cellular resistance to insulin D. Increased beta cell function
B
An unresponsive patient who has diabetes is brought to the emergency department with slow, deep respirations. Additional findings include: blood glucose 24.9 mmol/L, arterial blood gas of pH 7.2 and urinalysis showing presence of ketones and glucose. Which of the following statements best describes the underlying cause of this patient’s presentation?
A. Hypoglycemia causes release of glucagon resulting in glycogenolysis and hyperglycemia
B. Nocturnal elevation of growth hormone results in hyperglycemia in the morning
C. Hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress, renal dysfunction, and acidosis
D. Lack of insulin causes increased counter-regulatory hormones and fatty acid release
C.
When teaching the patient about insulin, the nurse should recall that drug therapy for patients with Type I diabetes includes
A. Using insulin and oral antihyperglycemic medications
B. Never using two different insulin types
C. Always using exogenous insulin
D. Initially starting the patient on an oral antihyperglycemic medication
C.
Which of the following should the patient take when she is experiencing signs of hypoglycemia?
A. 15-20 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate
B. 1 cup of diet soda
C. 20-30 grams of slow-acting carbohydrate
D. 30 grams of protein
A.
The nurse caring for a patient with Type 2 diabetes would look for which of the following laboratory test results to obtain information on past glucose control?
A. Albumin level
B. Glycosylated hemoglobin level (HgbA1c)
C. Fasting blood glucose level
D. Urinary ketones
B
