Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PD > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Percussion: tympany

  • what does it sound like
  • what does it mean
  • where should you find it
A
  • very loud/not dense
  • AIR
  • stomach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Percussion: Resonance

  • what does it mean
  • where should you find it?
A
  • air

- lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Percussion: dull

  • what does it mean
  • where should you find it?
A
  • water

- liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Percussion: Flat

  • what does it sound like
  • what does it mean
  • where should you find it?
A
  • least loud, most dense
  • solid
  • thigh
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you test for othostatics?

what is this looking for?

A
  • check BP and PULSE while lying, sitting, after 3 min of standing
  • checking for volume depletion, particularly in those with dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does a positive orthostatic test mean?

A
  • the patient is volume depleted and cant properly adjust flow in the standing position
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Orthostasis definition

- what would you expect to see in someone with orthostasis?

A

a fall in standing BP of more than 20 mmHg or an increase in pulse by >10 bpm
- systolic BP go down, diastolic BP go up, pulse go up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Causes of orthostasis

A
  • decreased blood volume
  • autonomic insufficiency
  • medications (diuretics, alpha blockers)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

normal oral temperature

A

98.6 F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

fever (celsius and F)

A

> 38.0 C

> 100.3 F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hypothermia (rectal temps)

A

< 35 C

< 95 F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what should first come into your mind with hypothermia? Other causes?

A
  • shock-decreased perfusion
  • cold exposure
  • hypothyroid
  • hyoglycemia
  • excess alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

it is particularly important to look for hypothermia in cases of _____

A

septic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 2 arteries you take a pulse from?

A
  • radial

- carotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the important features to look for when taking a pulse?

A
  • rhythm
  • amplitude
  • rate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

abnormal pulse rhythm could mean ______. How do you check for this?

A
  • atrial fibrillation

- check by auscultation

17
Q

bounding pulses refers to ______.

  • what does it indicate? (2)
  • what could be the causes?
A
  • pulse with a high amplitude
  • decreased peripheral resistance, or increased SV
  • AVMs, hyperthyroid, aortic regurge, pistol shot femoral pulses
18
Q

Low amplitude pulses could indicate what things?

A
  • decreased CO: shock, aortic stenosis

- increased resistance: hypothermia, CHF

19
Q

What are the limits for tachycardia and bradycardia?

A
  • tachycardia: >100 bpm

- bradycardia: <60 bpm

20
Q

Bisferiens pulse

A

a double peaked pulse caused usually by aortic insufficiency but also maybe stenosis

21
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

- what do you usually need to find this

A

a decreased pulse on inspiration. You usually need a BP measurement to find this

22
Q

Kussmaul’s sign

A

seen with pulsus paradoxus and is a decrease in >10 mmHg systolic BP on inspiration
- it is seen with pericardial tamponade (with muffled heart sounds), COPD, constrictive pericarditis

23
Q

Pulsus alternans

A
  • pulse alternates stronger and weaker with the normal heart beat
  • usually indicates LV dysfunction
24
Q

How long should you check the resp. rate for?

A

30 sec

25
Q

tachypnea

A
  • rapid, shallow breaths

- indicated by pneumonia, pulmonary embolus, metabolic acidosis, aspirin overdose

26
Q

Decreased RR usually a result of things like

A
  • brainstem disease

- opiate overdose

27
Q

Kussmaul breathing

A
  • a type of hyperventilation that’s associated with diabetic ketoacidosis that functions to get rid of the excess CO2
28
Q

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

A

breathing that alternates between tachypnic and bradypnic
- usually the result of damage to respiratory center, immature respiratory systems (babies), geriatric population or those in CHF

29
Q

BMI eqn

A

weight (kg)/[height (m)^2]

30
Q

what are the BMI cutoffs?

A

underweight: < 18.5
overweight: >25
obese: >30
mobid obesity >40

31
Q

BP value cut offs

A

Normal: 160/>100

PD (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions