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Health neuroimmunology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Definition

A

psychoneuroimmunology is a young discipline which comprehension immunology, neurology, endocrinology, psychology and behavior medicine, and which is interest in the complex interactions between behavior, immune system and nervous system in both healthy and ill organisms

  • Solomon, 1999
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2
Q

Main topic of psychoneuroimmunology today

A
  • psychiatry
  • personality and coping
  • the effects of psychosocial interventions
  • stress research
  • interpersonal relationships
  • methodological improvements
  • health consequences
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3
Q

Immune response

A

protection of the organism against foreign material by binding, precipitating or killing them.

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4
Q

Antibodies

A

molecules that selectively and specifically bind to foreign agens and precipitate or dissolve them

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5
Q

Antigenes

A

Any molecule or agent that elicit immune reaction

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6
Q

Classificiation of antigens

A

hetero-antigens: from another species

Izo-antigens: from another individual of the same species

auto-antigens: from the same organism

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7
Q

Immune response (natural and adaptive)

A

Natural:

  • fast, immediate reaction
  • automatic recognition of typical antigene-pattern
  • no learning or adaption
  • mainly agains viruses or circulating tumorous cells

Adaptive:

  • is able to learn new antigens
  • slower reactions
  • very specific recognition
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8
Q

Neutrophil granulocytes

A

consume an digest inactivated bacteria and immune complexes

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9
Q

B-lymphocytes

A

produce and secreting antibodies

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10
Q

T-lymphocytes

A

elements of the cell-mediated immune response

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11
Q

Phases of the immune response

A

Afferent phase:
- antigene detection/identification

Activation period:

  • immune communication
  • antibody production

Efferent phase:

  • killing foreign cells
  • formation of memory-cells
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12
Q

Primary immune response

A

Reaction to the antigenes is relatively slow and weak

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13
Q

Secondary immune response

A

Fast, intensive and effective reaction to already familiar antigene systems with the help of earlier formed memory cells.

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14
Q

Proliferation

A

cell division

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15
Q

Immune response

A
  1. sensitisation
  2. proliferation (cell division)
  3. Effector phase
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16
Q

Antibodies

A

molecules produced by the immune-system against the antigens which are able to neutralize them

17
Q

Primary lymphoid organs

A

Thymus: located in front of the heart and aortas, behind the sternum

18
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs

A

Spleen: immune response against antigens in the blood delivered via the bloodstream

19
Q

Immune mediators

A

Cytokines

20
Q

Immune-aging

A

The concentration of leukocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes do not decline strongly with age

A decline in the number of lymphocytes in very old age

21
Q

Primary immune-deficiency

A

Temporary, physiological

22
Q

Secondary immune deficiency

A

Because of other illness or pathological state (cancer, infectious disease, diabetes, lack of spleen, AIDS)

pregnancy, old age

23
Q

Immune-complex disorders

A

antigen-antibody complexes in the organs + inflammation

Symptoms: depends on the localization of immune complexes.

24
Q

The component of sickness behavior

A

psychological response:

  • fever
  • change in the metabolism of the liver

Stress response:

  • activation of the SNS
  • activation of the HPA

Behavioral response:

  • decrease in consumption of food and drink
  • depressed mood
  • cognitive changes
25
Q

The adaptivity of different components of sickness behavior

A

fever
behavior
pain

26
Q

The adaptivity of different components of sickness behavior - FEVER

A
  • Slowing down the reproduction of microorganisms

- activating the HPA-axis

27
Q

The adaptivity of different components of sickness behavior - BEHAVIOR

A
  • Decreaseing the energy-loss
  • the production of fever
  • decreasing heat-loss and producing energy
28
Q

Pain as a part of sickness behavior

A
  • has a reestablishing function (help recovery-behavior)
  • force to immobilization
  • hyperalgesia
29
Q

Main characteristics of cytokines

A
  • multieffective bioactive agents, not hormones
  • small size proteins
  • can have different effects in different organs
30
Q

Where are cytokines produced?

A

CNS

31
Q

Mechanisms of cytokine-brain communication

A
  • in regions where BBB (blood-brain-barrier) is lacking
  • with the help of carrier-molecules
  • through peripheral afferent nerve-endings
32
Q

The effects of testosterone on immune functions

A
  • enhance the vulnerability to infections

- suppress the symptoms of some inflammatory disease

33
Q

Growth hormones

A

two of the hypothalamic hormones positively affect immune functions

  • promotes growth in almost all body-cells
34
Q

Growth hormones on lymphocytes

A

can directly and/or indirectly modulate the immune response to infection or stress. its role: maintaining the homeostasis in the immune system

35
Q

Substance P

A

Primary function: the transmission of pain signals in the spinal cord

36
Q

Melatonin

A

improtant factor of circadian and seasonal rhythmicity

37
Q

Disturbance of melatonin production?

A

Can lead to affective disorder, psychosomatic disorders, psychiatric problems, cancer

Health neuroimmunology (9 decks)

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