Coping Flashcards
Coping
is the set of conscious or intentional behavioral pattern that we use in problematic situations or by which we intend to compensate the stress evoked by the psycho.social environment.
Coping style
Techniques typically used for coping
Coping styles
- mature (normal)
- neurotic (intellectualisation)
- immature (early)
- psychotic
Mature coping style
normal
- alturism
- humor
- supression
- anticipation
- feeling of reality
etc
Neurotic coping style
intellectualization
- izolation
- rationalization
- destroying or magic thinking
- repression
- dissocationz
- identity-denial or changing
Immature coping style
early
- non-fraudent projection
- schizoid phantasies
- daydreaming
- hippochondrias
Psychotic coping style
- fraudent projection
- denying/disotrting reality
- perceptual disturbances
Ontogenetic factors of coping
- early experiences
- later experiences
- family dynamics
- personality characteristics (hostility, alexithymia)
- sensitive periods (early years, puberty, old age etc.)
Bahnson´s model (response type)
- repression, denial: psychosomatic
- projection, mental displacement: psychiatric
Bahnson´s model (factor of a response to a stressor)
- ego defense
- coping style
Bahnson´s model (response intensity)
regression
Bahnson´s model (less regression)
mildly pathological coping: functional disorder
Bahnson´s model (medium regression)
worse coping: organic changes
Bahnson´s model (strong regression)
extreme pathological coping: total disintegration of the system
Problems with Bahnson´s model
many psychological disorders would not fit in, like;
- insomnia
- chronic fatigue
- hysterios
- hipochondrias
- depression
- suicide
- etc
a possible solution of the Bahnson´s model
- introducing new dimensions
- new kinds of disorders
Somatisation
are those symptoms which cannot be explained, even after throrough examination, in terms of any known disease, or cannot be due to the effect of any chemical
these symptoms signalize and cause disharmony among the biological regulatory functions, the personality, the family, the health care system, and the wide social environment.
health is regarded as a positive value in most civilized countries, still many people choose sickness as a way of lfe. this choice is frequently (but not exclusively) unconscious. The patient themselves regard health important and turn to a physician to restore health.
Somatizing self-destructive circle
- pathological stress response and consequent emotional excitement
- focusing attention to bodily changes
- symptom attribution (regarding somatic percepts as pathological) and cognitive appraisal
- somatosensory amplification
- interpersonal and social embodiment, worsening symptom-attribution
- formation of illness behavior.
Common somatisation symptoms
- fatigue
- weakness
- distibuted sleep
- headache
- muscle and joint pain
- disturbed memory, attention and concentration
- anxiety
- depression
- irritability
- nausea
- fast heart beating
- shortness of breath
- dizziness
- throat-aches, dry mouth
Shorter´s idea
in somatisation, the unconscious mind selects symptoms that may be evaluated as proofs of real physical disease and by which the patient may invoke response.
society does not create new symptoms but people select from a common symptom pool stored in the form of a common societal memory.
Characteristics of somatisation behavior
Behavioral deficits are - otherwise normal- functions which do not fit into the given social environment.
Reaction are exaggerated and thus not only their character but also intensity varies from the usual reactions in the particular environment.
