Introduction Flashcards
what are the components of the CNS
cerebral hemispheres, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord
what are the components of the PNS
dorsal and ventral roots, spinal nerves, peripheral nerves
is the cauda equina part of the CNS or PNS
PNS as its made up of dorsal and ventral roots
what is grey matter
area of the CNS composed of cell bodies and is highly vascular
why is grey matter highly vascular
as it is very metabolically active
what is white matter
area of the CNS made up of axons
why is white matter white
the axons are myelinated giving a white colour
what are ganglia
collections of cell bodies in the PNS
what is the equivalent of white matter in the PNS
peripheral nerves
at what level does the caudal equina start
L1
are dorsal nerves sensory or motor
sensory
are ventral nerves sensory or motor
motor
what isa funiculus
a segment of white matter which contains axons going up and down the spinal cord
what is a tract
an area of white matter containing axons traveling in one direction only to connect 2 areas of grey matter
what is a fasciculus
a part of a tract supplying a distinct region of the body
what is a nucleus in the CNS
a collection of cell bodies
what is the Cortex of the brain
a layer of grey matter on the brain surface
what are fibres which are found in white matter
axons which are myelinated and connect 2 regions of grey matter together
what are association fibres
fibres/axons which connect regions of grey matter in the same hemisphere
what are commissural fibres
fibres/axons which connect regions of grey matter from different hemispheres
what type of fibre is the corpus callosum
commissural fibre
what are projection fibres
fibres/axons which connect the brain to the spinal cord and the spinal cord to the brain
what are the general functions of the midbrain
eye movements and reflexes to vision and sound
what are the general functions of pons
feeding and sleeping
what are the general functions of the medulla
cardiovascular and respiratory control
what sulcus surrounds the primary visual cortex
calcarine sulcus
what is the uncus
part of the temporal lobe which may herniate to compress the midbrain.
important olfactory role
what is the parahippocampal gyrus
a region involved in memory
what is the thalamus
a region where sensory fibres pass through
what is the fornix
output pathway from the hippocampus
where is CSF produced
in the brain ventricles by choroid plexus cells
what connects the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
how much CSF is produced a day
600ml
what does stenosis of the ventricles in the brain lead to
hydrocephalus
what is the 3rd ventricle between
the 2 halves of the thalamus
where does the CSF drain into from the 4th ventricle
- central canal
- the 2 lateral apertures
- medial apertures
where does CSF drain into from the apertures from the 4th ventricle
into the subarachnoid space. then absorbed by the arachnoid granulations in the superior sagittal sinus to become part of the venous circulation
what are ventricles 1 and 2 known as
the lateral ventricles
