Higher Cortical Functioning Flashcards
what functions are more dominant in the left hemisphere
language and maths
what functions are more dominant in the right hemisphere
body image, emotion and music
what functions are the frontal lobes involved in
motor, speech expression, cognition and eye movements
what functions are the parietal lobes involved in
sensory function but also speech comprehension, body image and calculation
what is the condition neglect
this is where you have damaged your parietal lobes and so body image is affected - it means you fail to acknowledge the left half of the world
what functions are the temporal lobes involved in
hearing, olfaction, memory and emotion
which hemisphere dominants in language pathways
left
describe the language pathway involved in repeating a heard word
- auditory cortex get information from the cochlea via vibrations
- information sent to wernickes area which translates the vibrations into words
- information sent to Broca’s area via the arcuate fasciculus
- Broca’s area projects onto lateral motor cortex to drive muscles used for speech
describe the language pathway involved in speaking a written word
- primary visual cortex in occipital lobe interprets written word
- information sent to wernickes area which translates the this into words
- information sent to Broca’s area via the arcuate fasciculus
- Broca’s area projects onto lateral motor cortex to drive muscles used for speech
describe the language pathway involved in speaking a thought
- areas from all over the brain sends information to wernickes area which translates the this into words
- information sent to Broca’s area via the arcuate fasciculus
- Broca’s area projects onto lateral motor cortex to drive muscles used for speech
what would result in damage to wernickes area
poor comprehension of language but can speak fluently
what would result in damage to Broca’s area
good comprehension of language but cant speak fluently
define arousal
emotional state associated with a goal or avoidance of something
what is the reticular formation
a poorly defined region of grey matter made up of interneurones which helps to keep you conscious
name 3 relays involved in sending information from the reticular formation to the cortex
basal forebrain nucleus
hypothalamus
thalamus
what does the basal forebrain nucleus release to excite the cortex
ACh
what does the hypothalamus use to excite the cortex from the reticular formation
histamine
what does the thalamus use to excite the cortex from the reticular formation
glutamate
what happens to the reticular formation during sleep
it is deactivated
what is narcolepsy
where you struggle to stay awake due to problems in neurotransmission
what is sleep apnoea
where the soft tissue from the neck obstructs the airways, making you become hypoxic and wake up
what are the 2 types of memory
declarative (facts)
non-declarative (motor skills and emotion)
where are declarative memories stored
they are distributed throughout the cerebral cortex
where are non-declarative memories stored
in the cerebellum
on an EEG what do therein waves look like when your eyes are open
high frequency beta waves
on an EEG what do therein waves look like when your eyes are closed
alpha waves which are at a lower frequency and more synchronised
on an EEG what do therein waves look like in stage 1 of sleep
a background of alpha waves with some theta waves
on an EEG what do therein waves look like in stages 2/3 of sleep
background of theta waves
some k complexes (as the input from the cortex is removed so you get its intrinsic slow rate)
and sleep spindles (buzzes of activity from the thalamus trying to wake you up)
on an EEG what do therein waves look like in stage 4 of sleep
dominated by delta waves
on an EEG what do therein waves look like in REM
looks like beta waves as you are dreaming
