Introduction

Question 1

Define nursing.

Answer 1

1. Act of utilizing environment to assist patient in their recovery (Florence Nightingale)
2. A dynamic, caring relationship in which nurse assists patient to achieve and maintain optimal health (Canadian Nurses Association)
3. Unique function of nurse to assist individual in performance of activities related to their recovery which they would be able to do unaided if they had the strength/will (Virginia Hernderson)

Question 2

What achievements are credited to Florence Nightingale?

Answer 2

1. Reduced mortality from 42% to 2%
2. Enforced the law ‘do no harm’ (non-maleficence)
3. Improved water supply
4. Established sanitation and cleaning rules
5. Gave patients good food and even special diets for quick recovery
6. Founded the Nurses’ Nightingale Pledge

Question 3

State the 7 roles of nurses today.

Answer 3

1. Researchers; gain evidence of best practices
2. Educators; of the patient
3. Patient Advocate; protect their rights
4. Effective communicators
5. Caregivers; who provide wholistic care
6. Decision-makers/Critical thinkers; use skills to determine what is best for patient
7. Managers; of care provided by various team players

Question 4

Professionalism consists of…

Answer 4

1. Integrity
2. Accountability
3. Responsibility
4. Timely/Punctuality
5. Respect
6. Collaboration
7. Competence
8. Ethical
9. Knowledgeable

Question 5

What are the 6 key ethical principles of nursing?

Answer 5

1. Nonmaleficence ‘do no harm’
2. Beneficience ‘do good at all times’
3. Fidelity; be accountable, honest and reliable
4. Respect for patient autonomy; respect patient wishes even if you don’t agree
5. Justice; treat all patients equally/fairly
6. Follow Principle of Totality and Integrity when making decisions on which treatments patients should receive; decisions must prioritize the well-being of patient

Question 6

List the 5 types of Nursing diagnoses.

Answer 6

1. Actual ‘at present’
2. Risk ‘doesn’t exist, but could exist’
3. Wellness ‘readiness to get well’
4. Possible ‘diagnosis made from incomplete evidence’
5. Syndrome ‘made based on a group of other diagnoses’

Question 7

What is the nursing process?

Answer 7

a systematic method/tool that directs nurses and patients in planning and delivering/implementing nursing care

Question 8

State the steps of the nursing process.

Answer 8

ADPIE

• Assessment; primary and secondary data, subjective and objective data
• Diagnosis; medical vs nursing diagnosis
• Planning; priorities and goals are set and strategies to reach those goals
• Implementation; plan is carried out with documentation of patient’s response
• Evaluation; of patient progress

Question 9

What are the benefits of the nursing process?

Answer 9

1. Provides a framework for thinking through problems
2. Promotes efficiency and effectiveness
3. Standardizes nursing process
4. Promotes accountabililty
5. Helps identify in ineffective practices and their avoidance
6. Allows for custom, individualized care
7. Encourage client participation

Question 10

Differentiate a medical diagnosis from a nursing diagnosis.

Answer 10

Medical diagnosis; made by doctor; focuses on the disease and treating the disease, remains the same as long as the disease is present

Nursing diagnosis; made my nurse; focuses on patient’s response to disease, is continuously changing as client’s responses are changing

Question 11

What should be done before admission of a patient?

Answer 11

Room made ready

1. Ensure necessary equipment present
2. Ensure adequate light and ventilation
3. Ensure patient supplies are present
4. Ensure room is clean and orderly

Question 12

What do the following dosage abbreviations stand for? 
OD
BD
TDS
QID
PRN
NPO
STAT

Answer 12

OD - once a day 
BD - twice a day 
TDS - three times a day 
QID - four times a day 
PRN - when necessary 
NPO - nothing taken 
STAT - given once as a single dose