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Nursing PHM > Infection-Prevention-Control > Flashcards

Infection-Prevention-Control Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the objectives of IPC?

A
  1. Formulate strategies to combat infections
  2. Identify evidence-based measures for Prevention and control
  3. Risk assessment
  4. Understand importance of good personal hygiene
  5. Maintain safe environment for patients (reduce risk of nosocomial infections), healthcare workers, and visitors
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2
Q

Define IPC.

A

The process by which policies, procedure, and activities are designed to control and prevent transmission of disease within healthcare facility and in communities

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3
Q

What are the 4 common types of Nosocomial infections?

A
  1. UTIs - due to catheterization; catheter gets contaminated; infections ascend at point of insertion
  2. Pneumonia - caused by cold, immobility, and aspiration
  3. Surgical Site infection (SSIs) - longer surgeries have higher chances of contamination
  4. Bloodstream infections (BSIs) - via contaminated injections
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4
Q

What conditions predispose one to nosocomial infections?

A
  1. Prolonged bed rest
  2. Overcrowding
  3. Resistant microorganisms
  4. New unidentified microorganisms from mutations
  5. Invasive devices (ex: prosthetic devices, feeding tubes, respiratory tract tubes, injections, IV drips)
  6. Surgical wounds
  7. Impaired immunity (HIV, those on antibiotics)
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5
Q

What are the modes of transmission of infectious agents?

A

Direct contact
Indirect contact (airborne)
Droplets

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6
Q

From the time the infectious agent is developing in its reservoir, how can the chain of infection be broken here?

A

Rapid and accurate identification of organism
Recognition of susceptible hosts (who can be reservoirs)
Disinfection and sterilization of equipment
Sanitation
Treatment
Keeping environment clean

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7
Q

What are the 11 Universal Standard Precautions taken to break the chain of infection?

A
  1. Hand hygiene
  2. Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
  3. Appropriate use of personal protective equipment
  4. Proper waste management
  5. Prevention of needle stick injuries
  6. Used Linen processing
  7. Patient care equipment processing
  8. Environmental cleaning
  9. Isolation, Precautions, and Patient Placement
  10. Health education to patients and visitors
  11. Staff health
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8
Q

Define hand hygiene.

A

The use of water and soap or other liquids to remove dirt, soil, and micro-organisms

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9
Q

What are the 3 levels of hand hygiene?

A
  1. social hand washing; very simple, removing dirt, organic material, and most transient organisms;
  2. Clinical/Hygienic hand washing; kills most transient microorganisms, used in hospital for wound care and catheters
  3. Surgical/Scrubbing; before an operation; reduces floral bacteria; involves clinical handwashing, but more complicated and up to elbow area
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10
Q

State atleast 5 principles of handwashing.

A
  1. At beginning of shift before providing care
  2. After providing patient care
  3. After handling used linen
  4. Between contact with different patients
  5. Before leaving nursing unit
  6. Before eating
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11
Q

What is the difference between cleaning, decontaminating, disinfecting, and sterilizing?

A

Cleaning; removing visible foreign material
Decontamination; removed infectious agents on equipment using chemicals
Disinfection; killing nearly all disease-producing micro-organisms except their spores
Sterilization; destroy both microorganisms and their spores

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12
Q

What is the difference between autoclaving and incineration?

A

Both use heat, but autoclaving uses moist heat (steam), while incineration uses dry heat

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13
Q

What are the principles of Respiratory Hygiene and Cough Etiquette?

A
  1. cover nose and mouth with tissue or mask when coughing or sneezing
  2. Use tissues and masks should be disposed appropriately
  3. Perform hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions
  4. Those with acute symptoms must be kept atleast 1 meter away from others
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14
Q

What are the 6 steps to proper waste management?

A
  1. Minimize amount of waste generated in the first place
  2. Categorize the waste
  3. Disposal
  4. Containment (use of international color code for each waste category)
  5. Transportation of waste
  6. Treatment/Destruction
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15
Q

Explain what the following international color-codes indicate regarding waste containment; RED, YELLOW, BLACK, WHITE, PURPLE.

A

BLACK (general noninfectious waste)
WHITE (food remains)
YELLOW (infectious waste; dry material ex: gauze, gloves)
RED (highly infectious anatomical waste; secretions, excretions, wet material)
PURPLE (radiological waste)

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16
Q

How full should a sharps box be before you can discard it?

A

1/2 or usually 3/4th full

17
Q

Why is proper waste management important?

A
  1. minimizes spread of infection
  2. reduces risk of accidental injury to staff, patients, visitors, and community
  3. Prevents soil and ground-water contamination
  4. Provide aesthetically pleasing environment (by reducing odours, making the place look orderly, attracting fewer insects and rodents)
18
Q

What are the safe injection precautions?

A
  1. Use of aseptic techniques during injections (ex: alcohol to wipe vial entrance and site of injection)
  2. Use single syringe and vial/ampoule set only once
  3. Never re-cap injections (risk of pricking oneself)
  4. Never leave needles unattended
  5. Dispose needles in a sharp container
  6. Throw away sharp container when half or 3/4ths full
19
Q

Staff health includes?

A
  1. Educating and training staff
  2. Periodic screening and redeployment
  3. Vaccinations
  4. Follow through with policies
20
Q

Define asepsis.

A

absence of disease-producing micro-organisms

21
Q

What is sepsis?

A

condition resulting from presence of pathogenic bacteria and their products

22
Q

What is the proper procedure of dressing?

A
  1. Gowning
  2. Mask
  3. Goggles
  4. Gloves
23
Q

What is the proper procedure for undressing?

A
  1. Gloves
  2. Goggles
  3. Gown
  4. Mask
24
Q

Define infection.

A

The invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms

25
Q

What steps are taken to implement a procedure?

A 
*APIED
Assessment 
Planning 
Implementation 
Evaluation 
Documentation
26
Q

Define an antimicrobial.

A

An agent that prevents the growth of and destroys bacteria, fungi, and some viruses

27
Q

What is an antiseptic?

A

A type of antimicrobial, applied to body tissues to destroy or retard the growth of micro-organisms

28
Q

What is the difference between bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal?

A

Bacteriostatic agents prevent growth of bacteria by keeping them in stationary phase of growth.
Bacteriocidal actually kills the bacteria

29
Q

State the difference between antiseptics and disinfectants.

A

Antiseptics are used on living tissues, but disinfectants are meant to destroy micro-organisms on non-living objects. Disinfectants are stronger and more toxic because they are applied to non-living objects.

30
Q

What is the name of the practice in which you isolate patients who have a disease or have low immunity?

A

Reverse barrier Nursing/Protective isolation

31
Q

Define bio-hazard waste.

A

solid or liquid waste that presents the threat of infection

32
Q

What is the difference between SURGICAL ASEPSIS and MEDICAL ASEPSIS?

A

Surgical asepsis maintains an area FREE from microorganisms (ex; sterilization), while medical asepsis LIMITS the number and growth of microorganisms.

33
Q

What is contamination?

A

introduction of disease/infectious material on a sterile object

Nursing PHM (12 decks)

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