Introduction Flashcards
The art, science or business of building
Construction
Construction can be defined in what ways?
As an Industry
As a Business
As a Science
Building System
Who are the 3 people involved in a construction?
Client
Contractor
Consultants
This is a type of contractual structure where the owner hires a project manager who is responsible on the communication between the owner and the consultants, the owner and the main contractor. Under the main contractor are nominated sub-contractors
Traditional with nominated sub-contractors and project manager
This is a type of contractual structure where the owner hires a main contractor who handles the consultants with their sub-consultants as well as the sub-contractors.
Design-build Contract
In this type of contractual structure, the owner hires a design consultant in a form of a design contract and hires a contractor in a form of a construction contract.
Traditional Contract Structure
A contractual structure wherein the the owner hires a design consultant in a form of a design contract and hires a construction manager. Under the construction manager are sub-contractors who gives the guarantee of their workmanship to the owner.
At-risk Construction Manager
This is a contractual structure where nominated sub-contractors are hired under the main contractor.
Traditional with nominated sub-contractors
What are the major project considerations?
Site
Program
Schedule
Budget
This is the geographical venue of a project.
Site
The sequence, timing and duration of works to be done in order to complete the project.
Schedule
The financial allocation for the project.
Budget
The determined needs of the users that will guide for the design process.
Program
Costs composed of:
- Construction
- Fixtures
- Furniture
- Equipment
Hard Costs
Cost composed of:
- Design/Consultancy Fees
- Project Management Fee
- Permit Fee
- Insurance
- Contingencies
Soft Costs
This is the allocated budget for unforeseen or other possible changes in the design or construction of a project.
Contingencies
What are the types of contingencies?
- Design Contingencies
- Construction Contingencies
- Owner Contingencies
- Escalation
The money for the design changes that may be needed in order to accommodate new project requirements.
Design Contingencies
The money allocated by the owner to possible fund additional work or materials during the course of the project.
Owner Contingencies
The money that may be needed to pay for unforeseen work or materials necessary to complete the construction work.
Construction Contingencies
The money that may be needed to pay for significant increase in construction cost particularly cost of materials.
Escalation
Written information that clarifies or modifies the bidding documents, often issued during the bidding process.
Addendum
Additional design or material options added to the construction documents and/or specifications to obtain multiple possible cost estimates for the project.
Alternate
What does the ANSI stand for?
American National Standard Institute
Contract drawings that have been marked up to reflect any changes to a project during construction. Differentiating them from the bid documents. Also known as record drawing.
As-built drawing
Offer a proposal or a price. This is when contractors are asked to submit their estimates as to the time and the cost of the project.
Bid
Written documents issued by the appropriate gov’t authority permitting the construction of a specific project in accordance with the drawings & specifications that the authority has approved.
Building Permit
Document issued by the appropriate local government agency, stating that the building or property meets local standard of occupancy and is in compliance w/ public health and building codes.
Certificate of Occupancy
Written documents between and signed by the owner and the contractor authorizing a change in the work, or adjustment in the contract sum or length of time. Architects and Engineers may also sign a __________, but only if authorized (in writing) by the owner to do so.
Change Order
Intensive design process for solving architectural problem quickly; often under taken by student of architecture, but also employed by professionals in various stages of the design process.
Charette
Direct contract costs for labor, materials, equipment and services as well as overhead and profit. Excluded in this cost are fees for architects, engineers, consultant, cost of land or any other items that, by definition of the contract, are responsibility of the owner.
Construction Cost
Organization and direction of the labor force, materials and equipment to build the project as designed by the architect.
Construction Management
Written agreement giving responsibility for project planning and accomplishment and overall project planning, design and construction to a construction management firm or individual, called the construction manager (CM)
Construction Management Contract
Hired by the owner or the architect to provide information and to advice the project in the area of his/her expertise.
Consultant
Contractual duties and responsibilities of the architect and engineer during a project’s construction.
Contract Administration
Difference between the original contract price and the final completed cost, including all change order adjustments.
Contract over-(or under)-run
Licensed individual or company that agrees and perform the work as specified, with the appropriate labor, equipment and materials.
Contractor
Date certified by the architect when the work is to be completed.
Date of substantial completion
Arrangement wherein a contractor bids or negotiates to provide design and construction services for the entire project.
Design-build Construction
Calculation of the amount of material, labor and equipment needed to complete a given project.
Estimating
Method of construction management in which construction work begins before completion of the construction documents, resulting in a continuous design-construction situation.
Fast-track Construction
Movable furniture, fixtures, or equipment that do not require permanent connection to the structure or utilities of a building.
FF&E
Written order calling for a clarification or minor change in the construction work and not involving any adjustment to the terms of contract.
Field Order
Licensed individual or company with prime responsibility for the work.
General Contractor
Expenses that are not chargeable to a specific project or task, such as overhead.
Indirect Cost
What does NIBS stand for?
National Institute of Building Sciences
Written contract between the architect and the client for professional architectural services.
Owner-Architect Agreement
Central idea governing and organizing a work of architecture, from the French “partir” meaning, “to depart with the intention of going somewhere”.
Parti
Desired list of spaces, rooms, and elements as well as their sizes, for use in designing a building.
Program
Line diagram showing proposed and actual starting-completion time in a project.
Progress Schedule
All cost for a specific project, including those for land, professionals, construction, finishing, fixtures, equipment,financing and any other project related expenses.
Project Cost
Written list of names and addresses of all parties involve in a project, including owner, architect, engineer, and contractor.
Project Directory
Qualified individual or firm authorized by the owner to be responsible for coordinating time, equipment, money, task and people for all portions of a project.
Project Manager
Detailed written specifications describing acceptable construction materials and methods.
Project Manual
Written request from a contractor to the owner or architect for clarification of the contract documents.
Request for Information (RFI)
Written request to a contractor, architect, or subcontractor for an estimate or cost proposal.
Request for Proposal (RFP)
Plan for performing work; also, a chart or table within the drawing set.
Schedule
Chart, diagram or outline of a system being proposed.
Scheme
Written range of view or action for a specific project.
Scope of Work
Drawings, diagrams, schedules and other data specially prepared by the contractor or subcontractor, manufacturer, supplier or distributor to illustrate some portions of the work being done. The architect is obligated by the owner-architect agreement to review and approve this drawings and to take other appropriate action.
Shop Drawing
Location of a structure or group of structure
Site
Principles and practices adopted by qualified and recognized professional organizations to guide their members in the conduct of specific professional practice.
Standard of Professional Practice
Load bearing assembly of beams and columns on a foundation
Structural System
Specialized contractor who is subordinate to the prime or main contractor.
Subcontractor
Proposed replacement or alternate for a material or process of equivalent cost and quality.
Substitution
Interior improvements of the project after the building envelope is complete.
Tenants Improvement
Written agreement wherein payment is based on actual cost for labor, equipment, materials, and services rendered, in addition to overhead.
Time and Materials
Process of analyzing the costs versus the value of alternative materials, equipment, and systems, usually in the interest of achieving the lowest total costs for a project.
Value Engineering (VE)
Restrictions of areas or regions of land within specific areas based on permitted building size, character and uses as established by governing urban authorities.
Zoning
Document issued by a governing urban authority that permits land to be used for a specific purpose.
Zoning Permit.
