Introduction

Question 1

What is the rate of diffusion proportional too

Answer 1

Square distance

Question 2

What is an infarction?

Answer 2

Death of cells

Question 3

What causes a cardia infarction

Answer 3

Loss of blood supply to the heart

Question 4

Why cant cardiac cells use oxygen provided by the blood entering the left ventricle

Answer 4

The diffusion distance is too big

Question 5

What 3 factors affect the rate of diffusion

Answer 5

1. Area available for exchange
2. Diffusion resistance
3. Concentration gradient

Question 6

What is capillary density

Answer 6

The amount of capillaries in the tissues

Question 7

True or false; metabolically active tissues has a higher capillary density

Answer 7

True as this supplies a larger surface area for exchange

Question 8

What does the concentration gradient of blood depend on

Answer 8

Rate of use by tissues and rate of blood flow

Question 9

If there is a lower blood flow what effe t will this have on the capillary concentration

Answer 9

It will be lower

Question 10

What is the perfusion rate

Answer 10

The rate of blood flow

Question 11

Why do the kidneys need a high blood flow

Answer 11

They are very metabolically active

Question 12

What is the cardiac output

Answer 12

5 litres per min

Question 13

What can the cardiac output during exercise increase to

Answer 13

25 litres per min

Question 14

Where does the apex of the heart lie

Answer 14

To the left in the 5th intercostal space

Question 15

What are the layers of the pericardium

Answer 15

Fibrous outer layer, parietal serous membrane and visceral serous membrane

Question 16

Why does excess fluid in the pericardial cavity compress the heart

Answer 16

The fibrous layer is inextensible so can’t stretch

Question 17

What does compression of the heart lead too

Answer 17

Cardiac tamponade

Question 18

What is the procedure which removed fluid from the pericardial cavity called

Answer 18

Pericardiocentesis

Question 19

When is the transverse pericardial sinus used in surgery

Answer 19

Used to help clamp the aorta when using a heart lung bypass

Question 20

Which 2 vessels will your finger lie behind in the transverse pericardial sinus

Answer 20

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 21

What is the main left coronary artery called?

Answer 21

Anterior interventricular branch

Question 22

Which branch of the left coronary artery goes to the back of the heart

Answer 22

Circumflex branch

Question 23

How many pulmonary veins go into the left atrium

Answer 23

4

Question 24

What is the coronary sinus

Answer 24

Main vein that drains blood from the heart into the right atrium

Question 25

What is an anastomose

Answer 25

Connection between blood vessels