Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards
what are acyanotic heart defects
when blood is shunted from the left to right
what is PDA
when the ductus arteriosus doesn’t close after birth so blood flows from the aorta into the pulmonary artery
what does PDA stand for
patent ductus arteriosus
what is atrial septum defect
when either the septum primum or septum secundum is too small as so blood can pass through the LA to RA
what does atrial septum defect result in
increase in pulmonary flow, RV volume overload, pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure
what is ventricular septal defect
when there is a gap in the membranous portion of the interventricular septum
what does ventricular septum defect result in
LV volume overload, pulmonary venous congestion and pulmonary hypertension
what is the most commone type of congential heart defect
ventricular septum defect
what is coarctation of the aorta
narrowing of the aorta
what are cyanotic heart defects
defects leading to a lack of oxygenated blood causing a blue discolouration of the skin
what is hypoplastic left heart syndrome
underdevelopment of the left side of the heart due to a defect in the mitral or aortic valves
what is transposition of the great arteries
where the aorta arises from the RV and the pulmonary trunk arises from the LV
why doesn’t death occur in uterine due to transposition of the great arteries
bi-directional shunting
what is tetralogy of fallot
defect in the ventricular septum causing an overriding aorta and a decrease in the size of the pulmonary trunk as blood from the RV travels through the aorta
what type of cells are at particular risk from alcohol
neural crest cells
what is tricuspid atresia
no passage from the RA to RV so the RV is underdeveloped due to disuse
what is pulmonary atresia
no RV outlet so blood flows from the RA to LA
what are 5 cyanotic heart defects
- hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- transposition of the great arteries
- tetralogy of fallot
- tricuspid atresia
- pulmonary atresia
what are 4 acyanotic heart defects
- PDA
- atrial septum defect
- ventricular septum defect
- coarctation of the aorta
