Introduction Flashcards
What is the Bubble Boy disease?
Who made it publicized?
How often does this occur?
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
David Vetter - Bubble Boy
1 in 100,000 births
Define immunity.
What are the five tasks of the immune system?
The state of protection against foreign pathogens or foreign substances.
Recognition, response, destruction, repair, reset.
Which homeostatic systems is the immune system integrated?
Endocrine, nervous, and metabolic
What are some foreign substances that affect humans? Not including viruses and prions.
Toxins, chemicals, allergens, self-antigens, cancer cells, etc.
What does microbiota direct the development of? How does the developing subject affect our microbiota? How does this work/
Immune responses
Immune responses shape the composition of our microbiota. Molecules secreted by bacteria modulate immune cell differentiation.
What are germ free mice?
They are mice with defects in GALT and Ab production.
What is the aim of the Human Microbiome Project?
To characterize all the microorganisms associated with health and disease.
What proportion of human DNA actually encodes for proteins?
About 1.5%
Name a few reasons that the core human microbiome would shift from person to person?
Host lifestyle, pathobiology, genotype, physiology, immune system, and environment as well as the transient members of the microbiota community on a host.
Define dysbiosis. Why is dysbiosis important?
The microbial imbalance on or inside the body that disrupts normal regulatory functions and changes the regular composition of microbiota.
Immune homeostasis is necessary for species survival.
Define immunogen.
Define antigen.
Define epitope.
Molecule that stimulates an immune response.
Molecule that binds antibodies, BcRs, or TcRs.
The part of the antigen that is recognized by the immune system (aka antigenic determinant).
Poor recognition of epitopes is associated with the ______ microbiome.
Body location also plays a part in ____ cell tolerance.
Gut microbiota is less immunogenic that _____ microbiota.
Commensal
T cell
lung microbiota
Soluble and dead PAMPs pose a low health risk and the PRRs that recognize them typically send out cytokines such as _____ with the goal of _____.
IL6, IL12, and TNF
To remove microbial debris
Viable microorganisms elicit cytokines such as ____ while also eliciting a higher _____ production.
IL6, IL12, TNF
NLPR3 inflammasome
Classical pathogens that pose immediate danger elicit the release of what kind of cytokines? Secreting what?
Proinflammatory IFN beta
