Introduction

Question 1

Physiological response at 30s into exercise (800m)

Answer 1

VO2 max reached

Aerobic respiration

Question 2

Physiological response at home straight of 800m race?

Answer 2

Anaerobic respiration

Question 3

Source of muscle fatigue

Answer 3

Anaerobic glycolysis = the breakdown of CHO at a high rate
Lactate accumulation
Contains protons/H+ ions
PH reduced
Enzymes denatured
Negative impact on muscle contraction

Question 4

Main determinants of success (2)

Answer 4

Maintenance of VO2 max

Running speed at which VO2 max occurs

Question 5

Impact of priming on 800m study:
Author
Nature of study
Results

Answer 5

Ingham et al. (2013)
2 diff warm ups
- typical 800m 
- heavy warm up (200m at race pace)
Both ran 800m 5 mins later
Control = 125.7m.s-1
Experimental = 124.5m.s-1 (1% improvement= big in terms of race time)

Question 6

Physiological changes that occur in the muscle due to priming (3)

Answer 6

Increase in blood flow due to vasodilation and increase in cardiac output
Rate limiting enzymes (utilise O2) are primed so muscle O2 extraction increases
More motor unit recruitment at onset of exercise

Question 7

Why are the physiological responses to exercise due to priming beneficial?

Answer 7

More motor units recruited
Energy requirement shared across muscle
Tension per fibre is recruited

Question 8

Young sedentary, elite endurance:

Resting heart rate

Answer 8

YS 60-80bpm

EE 40-60bpm

Question 9

Young sedentary, elite endurance:

Maximum heart rate

Answer 9

200, 180

Question 10

Young sedentary, elite endurance:

Resting stroke volume

Answer 10

50-80 ml.b-1, 80-120ml.b-1

Question 11

Young sedentary, elite endurance:

Max stroke volume

Answer 11

100ml.b-1, 160ml.b-1

Question 12

Young sedentary, elite endurance:

Resting cardiac output

Answer 12

5 L.min-1 for both

Question 13

Young sedentary, elite endurance:

Maximum cardiac output

Answer 13

18-23 L.min-1, 30-35

Question 14

Young sedentary, elite endurance:

Resting O2 uptake

Answer 14

250ml.min-1 for both

Question 15

Young sedentary, elite endurance:

Max O2 uptake

Answer 15

2.5-3.5L.min-1, 5-6

Question 16

Young sedentary, elite endurance:

Oxygen cost of low intensity exercise (cycling)

Answer 16

10ml.min-1.W-1

Question 17

Absolute VO2

Answer 17

A given value (mL/min)

Question 18

Relative VO2

Answer 18

In relation to body weight (mL/kg/min)

Question 19

Lactate threshold:
Definition
As shown on graph 
Relevance / practical application 
Typical values
Is equal to ...

Answer 19

The exercise intensity at which blood late concentration begins to exponentially increase
On graph - 1st increase above baseline levels
Used to model training
LT = 1-2 mmols.L-1
GET

Question 20

Lactate turn point
Relevance
Typical values
Is equal to …(3)

Answer 20

The running speed at which there’s a distinct sustained and sudden breakpoint in BLa
Useful for mid distance running as able to sustain a good speed
LTP = 2-4mmol.L-1
Equal to:
MLSS - maximum lactate steady state
CP/CS - critical speed or critical power
RCP - respiratory compensation point

Question 21

Running economy:
Definition
Elite vs novice
Equation

Answer 21

The energy demand VO2 for a given velocity of sub maximal running
Better in elite - VO2 is lower at given speed
Associated with improved performance
Running economy (ml/kg/km) = rVO2 (ml/kg/min) / (speed (km/hr) / 60)

Question 22

Physiological response at 1 second of exercise

From relative rest to 1s into race, how does energy requirement change?

Answer 22

ATP RESYNTHESIS - phospocreatine breakdown by creatine kinase

X100 increase