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Exercise Physiology > Enery Transfer During Exercise > Flashcards

Enery Transfer During Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Energy output on sustained exercise is …….X more than at rest

A

20-30X

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2
Q

The contribution of different energy transfer systems differs depending on…? (3)

A

Intensity of exercise
Duration of exercise
Fitness of participant

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3
Q

Immediate energy is attained from what system?

A

ATP - PCr system

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4
Q

In the ATP-PCr system, what provides energy supply?

A

Intramuscular high energy phosphates:
ATP - Adenine Triphosphate
PCr - Phosphocreatine

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5
Q

How much ATP and PCr does 1kg of skeletal muscle contain?

A

3-8mmol ATP

X5 more PCr

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6
Q

Energy output in sprint running and swimming is ……X more times than at rest

A

120X

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7
Q

For a 70kg person with muscle mass of 30kg, how much high energy phosphates?

A

570-690mmol

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8
Q

Enough stored energy exists to:
Run at marathon pace for….s
Sprint for ….s
Walk briskly for….s

A

Marathon for 20s
Sprint for 5-8s
Walk briskly for 60s

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9
Q

Which has a higher rate of energy transfer? Energy from intramuscular high energy phosphates or aerobic metabolism? And by how Much?

A

High energy phosphates - 4-8 times faster

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10
Q

Where does energy for ATP replenishment come from?

A

Macronutrients in tissues and cellular fluid

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11
Q

How is Intracellular metabolism measured?
Explain.
Advantage of this technique
How are results interpreted?

A

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

Uses magnetic field to identify chemical compounds in tissues

Not as intrusive as biopsy techniques

Results interpreted by looking at the ratio of inorganic phosphates (Pi) to PCr

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12
Q

Which system is short term energy supply from?

A

The lactic-acid system

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13
Q

In order for high intensity, strenuous activity to continue.. What must happen?

A

Rapid re-synthesis of high energy phosphates

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14
Q

To phosphorylate ADP to ATP, energy comes from……. …….via …….. ……..

A

Muscle glycogen via anaerobic glycolysis

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15
Q

Which has a higher rate of energy transfer? Energy from intramuscular high energy phosphates or anaerobic metabolism? And by how Much?

A

HEP’s - Energy transfer rate in anaerobic glycolysis is only 45% of high energy phosphate rate

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16
Q

Product of anaerobic glycolysis

A

Lactate

17
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis can be viewed as a …….. Fuel

A

Reserve

18
Q

Why is warming down important after anaerobic exercise?

A

Minimises lactic acid accumulation

19
Q

Factors influencing lactate threshold? (4)

A

Low tissue O2
Reliance on glycolysis
Activation of fast twitch muscle fibres
Reduced lactate removal

20
Q

Blood lactate accumulates at every level of exercise intensity. True or False?

A

False. Only at moderate and above

21
Q

Why doesn’t lactate accumulate at light intensity exercise?

A

O2 consuming reactions meet the energy demanded. Any lactate becomes rapidly oxidised. Lactate production = lactate oxidation so levels remain stable.

22
Q

As a % of VO2max, what is the lactate threshold for a healthy untrained person?

A

55% VO2max

23
Q

Hypoxia is..

A

A lack of oxygen in tissues

24
Q

Effects of hypoxia on the cells

A

Lack of 02 & production of NADH above cells capacity means that electrons/ hydrogens can’t be shuttled down respiration chain.
Pyruvate then accepts the electrons/ hydrogens instead which creates LACTATE

25
Q

Relationship between fast twitch and slow twitch muscle fibres with lactate and pyruvate?
Enzyme involved
Why does this relate to exercise intensity?

A

In FTMF, lactate dehydrogenase favours the conversion of pyruvate to lactate
In STMF, lactate dehydrogenase favours the conversion of lactate to pyruvate,

More FTMF recruited as exercise intensity increases

26
Q

In elite athletes, does lactate threshold occur at a higher or lower % of their aerobic capacity?
At what %?
How can this be influenced? (3)

A

Higher.

80-90%

Training adaptations
More rapid rate of lactate removal
Genetic endowment

27
Q

How does endurance training effect mitochondria, aerobic & metabolism

A

Increases size and number of mitochondria
Increases the number of enzymes involved in aerobic metabolism which improves the ability to make ATP with fatty acid and glucose catabolism

28
Q

How can having a low lactate level extend the duration of high intensity aerobic exercise?

A

Conserves glycogen reserves

29
Q

LONG TERM ENERGY:

Which system?

A

Aerobic system

30
Q

When is the long term / aerobic system used?

Why?

A

When exercise lasts beyond several minutes

As glycolysis doesn’t make much ATP

31
Q

Any lactate produced in the aerobic system reconverts to ………. Via the ……… ……… In the ………..

A

Glucose
Cori cycle
Kidneys/liver

32
Q

Blood lactate doesn’t accumulate during steady rate ,metabolic conditions. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

True

33
Q

Theoretically a person could continue to exercise indefinitely if they had the will power. However, is assumes that …… ……. ……. …….. Is the only determinant. What are the limiting factors? (3)

A

Fluid loss
Electrolyte depletion
Maintenance of muscle glycogen (for exercise) and liver glycogen (for CNS)

34
Q

Fast twitch muscle fibres (2)
Contraction speeds
Capacities for glycolysis

A

Type IIa,
Rapid speed
Highest capacity

Type IIb,
Rapid speed
High capacity

35
Q

Type II fibres:

When do they become active?

They contribute to an increased …….. …….. When maintaining a constant speed during maximum effort movements

Depend solely on energy from ……..?

A

During change of pace and stop and go activities

Force output

Anaerobic metabolism

36
Q

Elite sprint runners possess ….% of FTMF

A

80%

37
Q

Slow twitch muscle fibres:

AKA

Contraction speed

Generate energy through …….. Pathways due to (2)

When are they used

Predominance of Slow twitch muscle fibres contribute to …..

A

Slow contention speed

Aerobic pathways due to (1) numerous enzymes (2) large mitochondria

Sustain continuous activities that need a steady state of aerobic energy transfer

Contributes to high blood lactate thresholds

38
Q

ElIte endurance runners possess ….% STMF

A

80%

Exercise Physiology (4 decks)

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