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Psychiatry > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

Every subject is from the DSM5 documents. Not touching the DSM4. Also throwing in first aid as well when needed.

1
Q

This is a syndrome charcaterized by clinically signifcant disturbance in an individuals cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental function.

A

Mental disorder

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2
Q

True or False: sadness and stress over the death of a loved one is technically a mental disorder.

A

False

An expectable or culturally approved response to a common stressor or loss is not a mental disorder.

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3
Q

In what decade did modern treatment of mental illness begin?

A

1950s

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4
Q

In which year was the first psychotropic medication marketed (Thorazine/chlorpromazine), which was initally introduced as an antihistamine?

A

1953

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5
Q

In what year did JFK sign into law the Community Mental Health Centers act in which the federal government financially sponsored the building of local treatment facilities that had a milieu effect?

A

1962

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6
Q

In what year did the Comprehensive Mental Health bill support a wider resource for psychiatric services?

A

1964

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7
Q

In what year was the Medicate Modernization Act and Medicaid acts, title XVIII and Title XIX of the Social Security acit?

A

1965

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8
Q

What phase from Marc F. Abramson coin to relate the mentally ill being incarcarated?

A

“crominalization of the mentally ill”

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9
Q

What other phrase related to some criminals finding their way into the treatment system by malingering in order to avoid prosecution and sentencing into prisons?

A

“psychiatrization of criminal behavior”

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10
Q

What happened in 1992 that established block grants for states to fund community mental health services exclusively for patients with serious mental illness who are unable to pay for care?

A

Public Law 102-321 of the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration Reorganization Act

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11
Q

What conditions are covered under the Public law 102-321 of 1992 to get services?

A

mental disorders, substance abuse, or developmental disorder that leads to substantial inferference with 1 or more major life activities.

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12
Q

What other healthcare program sprouted from the P.L. 102-321, which remains in operation to this day?

A

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administraiton (SAMHSA)

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13
Q

Under what 4 conditions should a physician consider referring certain patients to psychiatrists?

A
  1. displayes self injurous iddeations, attempts, or intentions
  2. psychosis
  3. doesnt respond to meds for psych problems
  4. needs psychotherapy
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14
Q

This is the term that describes when the mind functions operate without dysfunction?

A

Normality

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15
Q

This is the term that describes when the mind functions operate with dysfunction?

A

Abnormality

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16
Q

What are the 2 things affects that are affected from the fact that human beings are organisms systemically evolving from birth to death that involves physiological, biochemical, cognitive, affective, behavioral and social systems?

A

Internal processing and External interactions

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17
Q

This is the model in which normality is considered the absence of pathology, and abnormality is considered WHAT THE PATIENT HAS.

A

Disease model

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18
Q

This is the model where normality is determined by numbers, such has WHAT A PATIENT IS in terms of gradations and quantifications that identifies the typical or most common benhaviors among a group of people that are normal.

A

Dimension model

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19
Q

What is used on a graph to define “normal” in the dimension model?

A

Area under the Curve (AUC)

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20
Q

Just like any bell curve, what % of the population is included with 1 SD? 2? 3?

A

1 sd = 68%
2 sd = 95%
3 sd = 99%

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21
Q

This is the model that shows the ESSENCE of normality and abnormality, which is an aggregate of developmental, social learning, behavioral, and psychanalytical stuff.

A

Self model

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22
Q

What form of the self model shows where normality is determined by chronological maturation, aka “what a person becomes?”

A

Developmental

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23
Q

Who was the dude in 1908-1970 who said that movement to a higher level of development can only be achieved if antecedent levels are satisfied?

A

Abraham Maslow

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24
Q

Who was the dude in 1896-1980 who said that normality is determined by maturation, or when children increase the capacity to understand the worl?

A

Jean Piaget

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25
Q

Which stage of normal development (according to Piaget) is from 0-2 years, differentiates self from objects, achieves object permanence (peek-a-boo)?

A

Sensori-motor

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26
Q

Which stage of normal development (according to Piaget) is from 2-7 years, and is when language is learned to represent objects, and thinking is still egocentric (THIS IS MINE. AND THIS IS MINE. AND THIS IS MINE.)?

A

Pre-operational

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27
Q

Which stage of normal development (according to Piaget) is from 7-11 years, when one can think logically and use classification of objects accoring to several features and can order them in a series along a single dimension such as size?

A

Concrete operational.

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28
Q

Which stage of normal development (according to Piaget) is from 11 years and up, where ther eis emerging skill development that include logical thought, deductive reasoning, and systemiatic planning?

A

Formal operational

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29
Q

Who was the dude in 1902-1994 that said that normal opr abnormal behavior occurs through stages of a Life cycle, which chages through each age?

A

Eik Erikson

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30
Q

Which Erikson stage is from 0-1, and has the following normal/abnormal characteristics?

Normal- nurtured effiently and timely, develops confidence and security

Abnormal- child is neglected, develops mistrust, worthlessness and lack ability to eb close to others

A

Basic Trust vs Mistrust

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31
Q

Which Erikson stage is from 1-3, and has the following normal/abnormal characteristics?

Normal- learning self control, pooping, feeding, pressing, self pride.

Abnormal- not able to feed, dress, poop, low self esteem and temper tantrums.

A

Autonomy vs Shame/doubt

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32
Q

Which Erikson stage is from 3-6 and has the following normal/abnormal characteristics?

Normal- investigating adult activities and trying to be an adult

Abnormal- Oedipal struggle (wanting to possess the opposite sex parent and getting angry when u cant)

A

Initiative vs Guilt

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33
Q

Which Erikson stage is from 6-11, and has the following normal/abnormal characteristics?

Normal- bieng curious and capable of learning new skills and knowledge

Abnormal- guilt associated with curiosity for being industrious

A

Industry vs Inferiority

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34
Q

Which Erikson stage is from 11-20 and has the following normal/abnormal characteristics?

Normal- morality

Abnormal- confusion with regards to identity, being opposite just to be oppositional (aka all teenage girls)

A

Identity vs Identity confusion

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35
Q

Which Erikson stage is from 20-30, and has the following normal/abnormal characteristics?

Normal- intimacy and being ready to settle down

Abnormal- intimacy phobia, isolation

A

Intimacy vs Isolation

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36
Q

what in the hell

A

am i doing right now

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37
Q

Which Erikson stage is from 30-65, and has the following normal/abnormal characteristics?

Normal- passing on traditions and stores to younger generations

Abnormal- offering nothing to kids cuz youre an angry old man

A

Generativity vs Stagnation

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38
Q

Which Erikson stage is from 65-death, and has the following normal/abnormal characteristics?

Normal- contentment and life fulfillment

Abnormal- despair, wondering what their life was worth

A

Integrity vs Despair

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39
Q

To sum it up, in the developmental stage of the self model, what who made the following models to tell what a person becomes?

Hierarchy of levels
4 stages of development
Life cycle (8 stages)

A 
Hierarchy of levels = Maslow
4 stages of development = Piaget
Life cycle (8 stages) = Erikson
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40
Q

Which stage of the self model says that normality exists when the organism (body and mind) are self-regulating, while abnormality exists when there is dissonance among the organisms systems?

A

Social learning

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41
Q

In the social learning stage of the self model, who indentified stages of social learning from which determinants of nromality and abnormality can be developed?

Normal autism (stage 1), Symbiosis (stage 2), differentiation (stage 3) Practicing (stage 4), Reapprochement (stage 5), and Object constance (stage 6)

A

Margaret Mahler (1897-1985)

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42
Q

In the social learning stage of the self model, who developed his Attachement disorder concept to explain when infants develop normally vs abnormally?

A

John Bowlby (1907-1990)

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43
Q

Which stage of the self model accepts the concept that normal or abnormal behavior is the
result of conditioning?

A

Behavioral

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44
Q

This is the learning in which a natural response (salivation) is elicited by a conditioned or learned, sitmulus (bell) that previously was presented in conjucntion with an unconditioned stimulus (food)?

A

Classical conditioning

Pavlov’s dogs

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45
Q

What is the famous form of classical conditioning you might see in the office?

A

white coat syndrome

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46
Q

This is the learning in which a particular action is elicited because it produces a reward.

A

Operant conditioning

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47
Q

Who developed the operant conditioning?

A

BF Skinner (1904-1990)

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48
Q

This is the form of operant conditioning where desired reward produces action (mouse presses a button to get food).

A

Positive reinforcement

49
Q

This is the form of operant conditioning where the target behavior (response) is followed by removal of adverse stimulus (mouse presses button to turn off loud music)

A

Negative reinforcement

50
Q

This is the form of operant conditioning where repeated applicaiton of adverse stimulus extinguishes unwanted behavior

A

Punishment

51
Q

What form of punishment is when a noxious or unpleasent stimulis is added to decreased unwanted behavior (grounding)?

A

Positive punishment

52
Q

What form of punishment is used to decrease the liklihood of a behavior by invoking some punishment to be used as a deterrent when the behavior is exhibited by removing something good (losing money through being fined)?

A

Negative punishment

53
Q

Who was the big dude in the psychoanalytic stage of the self model?

A

Freud

54
Q

What ages do the following Freudian stages occur?

Oral
Anal
Phallic (Oedipal)
Latency
Puberty (Genital)
A 
Oral: 0-18mo
Anal: 18-36mo
Phallic (Oedipal): 3-6 y/o
Latency: 6-puberty
Puberty (Genital): Puberty lol
55
Q

What freud structure of the mind is the pleasure principle (I want I want I want)?

A

Id

56
Q

What freud structure of the mind is the reality principle, and is the rational part of the mind?

A

Ego

57
Q

What freud structure of the mind is the perfection ideal or the moral part of the mind?

A

Superego

58
Q

What are the main Sx of a person with too strong of an Ego?

A

Extremely rational and efficient

59
Q

What are the main Sx of a person with too strong of a Superego?

A

Feeling guilty all the time, may even have insufferably saintly personality.

60
Q

This is the mental process that makes us aware of both external and internal perceptions and is bound by time?

A

Conscious

61
Q

What theory of the mind is no bound by time and is from past stuff?

A

Unconsicous

62
Q

What is the mental process that serves as the transitional

conduit to bring unconscious material to the conscious level?

A

Preconscious

63
Q

This is when the patient projects feelings about formative or other important persons onto physician (like the psychiatrist is seen as a parent)?

A

Transferance

64
Q

What can the psychiatrist use transference to see in the pt?

A

to see how the patient surrenders their psychic powers and transfers their authority, feelings and attitudes onto others

65
Q

This is when the doctor projects feelings about formative or other important persons onto patients (the doc is reminded of someone and either hates or loves the pt)?

A

Countertransference

66
Q

These are mechanizations used to deflect or lessen the effects of unwanted feelings such as fear and anxiety.

A

Ego Defense mechanisms

67
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is unacceptable feeling and through are expressed through actions (tantrums)?

A

Acting out

68
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is temporaty, drastic change in personality, memory, consciousness, or motor behavior to avoid emotional stress (multiple personality)?

A

Dissociation

69
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is avoidance of awarness of the same painful reality (newly diagnosed AIDS pts)?

A

Denial

70
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is avoidance of ideas and feelings which are transferred to some neutral person or object (mom yells at kid cuz dad yelled at mom)?

A

Displacement

71
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is partially remaining at a more childish level of development (working cdr soraka runes to realize they max 40% cdr when u know u could Q the shit outta people)?

A

Fixation

72
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is modeling bbehavior after another person who is mor powerful (though not necessarily admired, like a abused kid becomes a abuser)?

A

Identification

73
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is separation of feelings from ideas and devents (describing murder in graphic detail with no emotional response)?

A

Isolation

74
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is an unacceptable internal impulse attributed to an external source (man who wants another woman thinks his wife is cheating on him)?

A

Projection

75
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is using excessive thinking to avoid painful emotions or fears (man diagnosed with serious cancer gets all smart about it)?

A

Intellectualization

76
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is procaliming logical reasons for actions actually performed for other reasons, usually to avoid self-blame (getting fired, saying job wasnt important anyway)?

A

Rationalization

77
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is a process whereby a warded-off idea or feeling is replaced by an unconsciously derived emphasis on its opposite (child molester becomes a priest)?

A

Reaction formation

78
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is turning back the maturational clock and going back to earlier modes of dealing with the world (kids wetting the bed cuz theyre little shits even though theyre potty trained)?

A

Regression

79
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is INvoluntary withholding of an idea or feeling from conscious awareness (not remembering a traumatic experience)?

A

Repression

80
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is the belief that people are wholly good or wholly bad?

A

Splitting

81
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is guilty feeling alleviated by unsolicited generosity toward others (mafia boss makes a big doantion to charity)?

A

Altruism

82
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is appreciating the amusing nature of an anxiety-provoking or adverse situation (nervous med students make jokes about the boards)?

A

Humor

83
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is a process whereby one replaces an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar to the wish but doesnt conflict with ones value system (teen with daddy issues becomes a sports star, or taking your rage out on a punching bag)?

A

Sublimation

84
Q

What is the defence mechanism where there is VOLUNTARY withholding of an idea or feeling form conscious awareness (choosing not to think of the USMLE until you get your score)?

A

Suppression

85
Q

What do mature adults wear, which defines the 4 mature defence mecanisms?

A

a SASH

Sublimation, Altruism, Suppression, Humor

86
Q

Identifying data, History of the presenting problem, past psych Hx, substance use disorder, medical Hx, family Hx, developmental Hx, and Social Hx are all parts of what?

A

Psychiatric exam

87
Q

Which part of the psychiatric exam involves name, age, race, gender, living situation, income, and referall?

A

Indentifying data

88
Q

Which part of the psychiatric exam involves what (immediate issue), why now, context, precipitating factors, cors, meds, past Hx, and substance use?

A

History of presenting problem

89
Q

Which part of the psychiatric exam involves examination of the skin, HEENT, pulm, obgyn, endo, and neuro exam?

A

Active GMC/ROS

90
Q

Which part of the psychiatric exam involves their word, love, pay/leisure, legal Hx, and religion/spirituality?

A

Social Hx

91
Q

What type of test interprets an individuals dynamics, characteristic modes of behavior, cognitive functioning, and can identify psychopathology?

A

Personality tests

92
Q

What measurements in a personality test are composed of ambiguous and vague tasks to which a test taker is asked to provide meaning?

A

Subjective (projective) measurements

93
Q

What are the names of the following subjective tests?

  1. Inkblot test
  2. Reveal personality fatures, drives, emotions, and emotions and motivations.
  3. Test taker is directed to complete a sentence
  4. Asking to draw to see projected feelings and thoughts
A
  1. Rorschach
  2. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
  3. Incomplete sentence blank
  4. Draw a person/house/tree/person
94
Q

What measurement tin a personality test is used to eliminate bias from the test results using reliability and validity?

A

Objective measurements

95
Q

For the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 test, you try to figure out objective information. Which scale does each of the following belong?

  1. Whether or not a test taker tries to deliberately present themselves in an unlikely favorable light.
  2. Detects deviant or atypical responses like having weird brain stuff
  3. Detects people who deny psychopathylogy or present themselves in an unfavorable light.
A
  1. the (L)ie scale
  2. the (F) infrequency
  3. the (K) suppressor
96
Q

What form of test involves the ability to perform a variety of cognitive tasks that owuld include thinking, analyzing, synthesizing, aptitude, and making decisions?

A

Intelligence testing.

97
Q

Who were the two dudes who constructed the first intelligence measure, based on average mental levels for various ages?

A

Simon and Binet

98
Q

What is the IQ question, as depicted by Stern?

A

IQ = (chronological Age) x 100

99
Q

Who said “Intelligence is the capacity to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with the environment?”

A

David Wechsler (1896-1981)

100
Q

Wechsler said that the purpose of IQ tests was to assess what 4 things?

A

Kids with mental retardation
Learning disabilities
Skills and abilities
Aptitude and achievement

101
Q

Which test involves comprehensive coverage of the following factors?

Fluid reasoning
Quantitative reasoning
Visual-spatial processing
Short term/working memory

A

Stanford-Binet Test 5th edition (2003)

102
Q

What are the tests that assess cognitive functioning such as memory, attention, and executive functioning (Planning, and decision making)?

A

Neuropsychological tests

103
Q

Which neuropsychological test involves 9 cards with different designs, taker is asked to copy the design form visual memory?

A

Bender Visual Motor Gestalt

104
Q

Which neuropsychological test involves assessing visual perception, visual memory, and visual-constructive abilities, and scoring is based on # of errors?

A

Benton-Visual retention

105
Q

Which Formulation for psychiatric treatment involves assessing biological, psychological, and social formulation?

A

Biopsychosocial formulation

106
Q

Which Formulation for psychiatric treatment involves assessing a physical exam and lab data?

A

Biological

107
Q

Which Formulation for psychiatric treatment involves assessing drawing form various psycholgical traditions, looking for “patterns” in a patients life, and connection to predisposing psycholgoical themes?

A

Psychological formulation

108
Q

Which Formulation for psychiatric treatment involves assessing things going on in a pts life context contributing to the problem, environment, relational problems, and abuse/neglect?

A

Social formulation

109
Q

Which Formulation for psychiatric treatment involves assessing patterns of interaction between members of a relational unit associated with clinicalsignificance?

A

Social formulation: relational problems

110
Q

Problems relates to a mental disorder, parent-child, partner, sibling, peer, teacher/school, and others are what types of problems?

A

Relational problems

111
Q

We all know that abuse/neglect could be physical, sexual, or neglect of a child or adult, but what must u specify?

A

Whether the focus is on a perpetrator or a victim

112
Q

What are the 2 main components of the biopsychosocial treatment plan?

A

Psychological and Socio-cultural treatment plan

113
Q

For a biological treatment plan, what is it called when u use meds, surgery, ect, vsn, tns, omt, behavioral modification, and diet/exercise?

A

Conventional/mainstream medicine

114
Q

For a biological treatment plan, what is it called when u use accupressure, lifestyle changes, nutrition, vitamins, exercise, yoga/taichi, biofeedback, and spending weeks in colorado?

A

Integrative medicine

115
Q

What type of treatment plan involves schools of psychotherapy, drawing from psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and existential-humanistic traditions?

A

Psychological treatment plan

116
Q

What type of treatment plan involves family stuff, social stuff, and environemnetal stuff?

A

Social treatment plan

117
Q

What form of psychotherapy involves freudian and non-frreuidian psychoanalyses?

A

Psychodynamic

118
Q

What form of psychotherapy involves classical and operant conditioning?

A

Behaviorism

119
Q

What form of psychotherapy involves congition and humanistic components?

A

Cognitive

Psychiatry (10 decks)

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