Introduction

Question 1

sensation

Answer 1

Activation of sensory receptor cells at the level of the stimulus; a physical feeling resulting from something that comes into contact with the body.

Key Points: Input signal, bottom-up processing, afference, raw data.

Question 2

John Locke on Perception

Answer 2

Perception occurs in two stages:
1. a causal chain from object to observer (direct perception)
2. subjective ideas of the object that may not resemble the object’s qualities.

Perceptual experience is a combination of the object’s primary qualities and subjective elements.

Question 2

perception

Answer 2

The organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information to understand and represent the environment.

Key Points: Top-down processing.

Question 3

Monism

Answer 3

The view that perception arises solely from brain activity, rejecting the separation of mind and body.

Question 4

Dualism

Answer 4

The belief that the mind and body are separate entities.

the idea of how can thought give rise to a bodily action, and how can physical matter give rise to a non-physical thought?

Question 5

is dualism or monism supported these days?

Answer 5

Monism. emphasises the role of internal and external stimuli shaping perception
- supported by William James

Question 6

bottom up processing

Answer 6

Perception driven by sensory input without prior knowledge. (sensation)

Question 7

top down processing

Answer 7

Perception shaped by prior experiences, knowledge, and expectations.
(perception)

Question 8

rejection of dualism

Answer 8

The mind does not exist separately from the brain; perception is purely a result of brain activity.