Introduction Flashcards
Pharmacognosy II
What is pharmacognosy?
It studies crude drugs from natural sources treated scientifically and it includes the knowledge of history, distribution, cultivation, collection, processing for market and preservation. The study of sensory, physical, chemical, and structural characteristics.
What are the sources of drugs?
Plant material (root, leaf, herb, flower, fruit, essential oil)
Animal material (poison, fish oil, fat)
Mineral materials (talk, white clay, chalk, asbestos)
What was the first drug?
Theriac which contained 64 different mineral and herbal drugs.
Position and arrangement of leaves.
- radical or cauline
- adnation
- alternate, opposite, decussate, whorled
From which tissues is bark contained?
- epidermis
- primary cortex
- endodermis
- pericycle
- phloem
Leaves and leaflets.
duration - deciduous or evergreen
leaf base - stipulate or exstipulate
petiole - petiolate or sessile
Inflorescence and flowers.
duration - deciduous or evergreen
leaf base - stipulate or exstipulate
petiole - petiolate or sessile
inflorescence can be:
-racemose
-cymose
-mixed
types of flowers:
-monocotyledons or dicotyledons
-unisexual or hermaphrodite
Fruits.
a. simple
b. aggregate
c. collective
The microscopic examination of crude drugs.
- size, shape, and relative position of the different cells and tissues
- chemical nature of cell walls
- form and chemical nature of cell contents
Techniques in microscopy.
- microprojection
- photomicrography
- electron microscopy
- phase-contrast microscopy
- ultraviolet microscopy