Introduction Flashcards
1
Q
tsp, ml conversion
A
1 tsp = 5 ml
2
Q
tbsp, ml conversion
A
1 tbsp = 15 ml
3
Q
fl oz, ml conversion
A
1 fl oz = 30 ml
4
Q
cup, oz, ml conversion
A
1 cup = 8 oz = 240 ml
5
Q
pint, oz, ml conversion
A
1 pint = 16 oz = 480 ml
6
Q
qt, pint, ml conversion
A
1 qt = 2 pint = 960 ml
7
Q
gl, qt, ml conversion
A
1 gallon = 4 qt = 3840 ml
8
Q
kg, lb conversion
A
1 kg = 2.2 lbs
9
Q
oz, g conversion
A
1 oz = 28.4 g
10
Q
lb, g, oz conversion
A
1 lb = 454 g = 16 oz
11
Q
grain, mg conversion
A
1 grain = 65 mg
12
Q
inch, cm conversion
A
1 inch = 2.54 cm
13
Q
meter, cm conversion
A
1 meter = 100 cm
14
Q
% w/v equation
A
X g ÷ 100 ml
15
Q
% v/v equation
A
X ml ÷ 100 ml
16
Q
% w/w equation
A
X g ÷ 100 g
17
Q
ratio strength equation
A
percentage strength = 100 ÷ ratio strength
ratio strength = 100 ÷ percentage strength
18
Q
ppm, percentage strength conversion
A
ppm → percentage strength: move decimal left by four places
19
Q
specific gravity equation
A
weight of substance (g) ÷ weight of equl volume of water (g)
g ÷ mL
20
Q
alligation
A
high [ ] …………………….x parts of higher [ ]
————-desired [ ]———————-
low [ ]……………………….x parts of lower [ ]
- high goes high: write the higher [ ] on the top left
- low goes low: write the lower [ ] on the lower left
- write the desired [ ] in the middle
- subtract the diagonally to obtain the parts (high/low [ ] and the desired [ ])
- divide the total desired amount by the sum of parts to get amount per part
- x parts of higher multiplied by amount per part to get how much of higher
21
Q
osmolarity equation
A
mOsm/L = [wt of substance (g/L)] ÷ [MW (g/mole)] x (# of particles) x 1000
22
Q
isotonicity equation
A
E = [58.5 x i] ÷ [MW of drug x 1.8]
23
Q
mols equation
A
mol = g ÷ MW
mmol = mg ÷ MW
24
Q
milliequivalents equation
A
mEq = (mg x valence) ÷ MW = mmols x valence
25
carbs, proteins kcals
4 kcal/gram
26
fat kcal
9 kcal/gram
27
dextrose kcal
2.4 kcal/ gram
28
amino acid soln kcal
4 kcal/gram
29
ILE 10% = _ kcal/mL
1.1 kcal/ml
30
ILE 20% = _ kcal/ml
2 kcal/ml
31
ILE 30% = _ kcal/ml
3 kcal/ml
32
equation to determine fluid needs
1500 mL + (20 ml)(weight in kg - 20)
| can also roughly estimate using 30-40 ml/kg/day
33
total energy expenditure equation
TEE = BEE x activity factor x stress factor
34
grams of nitrogen from protein equation
nitrogen (g) = protein intake (g) ÷ 6.25
35
corrected Ca for albumin < 3.5
| not needed if ionized Ca
Ca corrected (mg/dL) = Ca + [(4.0 - albumin) x 0.8]
36
BMI
BMI = weight (kg) ÷ height (m^2) = [weight (lbs) / height (in^2)] x 703
37
IBW equation
males: 50 kg + [2.3 x (height - 60 inches)]
females: 45.5 kg + [2.3 x (height - 60 inches)]
38
Adj BW equation
AdjBW = IBW + 0.4 (TBW - IBW)
39
when to use TBW vs IBW
- use TBW if underweight
- if normal weight or greater, most drugs do TBW
- drugs that use IBW: acylovir, aminophylline, levothyroxine, and theophylline (but only if not underweight)
- drugs that use AdjBW: AG (but only if obse)
40
lab value determining dehydration
BUN:SCr > 20:1
41
Cockcroft-Gault
CrCl (ml/min) = [(140 - age) ÷ (72 x SCr)] x weight (kg)
| multiply by 0.85 if female
42
pH value of acidosis
< 7.35
43
pH of alkalosis
> 7.45
44
arterial blood gas order
| xx/xx/xx/xx/xx
pH / pCO2 / pO2 / HCO3 / O2 sat
45
respiratory alkalosis ABG lab value
pCO2 < 35
46
respiratory acidosis ABG definition
pCO2 > 45
47
metabolic acidosis ABG dfinition
HCO3 < 22
48
metabolic alkalosis ABG definition
HCO3 > 26
49
anion gap equation
AG = Na - Cl - HCO3
50
pH equation
pKa + log [salt/acid]
| or base/salt
51
% ionization of a weak acid
% ionization = 100 ÷ [1 + (10^(pKa - pH))]
53
% ionization of a weak base
% ionization = 100 ÷ [1 + (10^(pH - pKa))]
54
ANC equation
ANC = WBC x [(% segs + % bands) ÷ 100]
55
celsius, farenheit conversion
C = (F - 32) ÷ 1.8
56
time to burn (TTB) equation
TTB (with sunscreen in min) = SPF x TTB (wihtout sunscreen)
57
risk equation
number of subjects i ngroup with unfavorable even ÷ total number of subjects in group
58
relative risk equation
risk in treatment group ÷ risk in control group
58
relative risk reduction
(% risk in control group - % risk in treatment group) ÷ (% risk in the control group)
58
absolute risk reduction
% risk in contorl group - % risk in treatment group
59
NNT or NNH
1 / ARR
60
odds ratio equation
[(patients who were exposed and had event) x (patients not exposed and had no event)] ÷ [(patients exposed and had no event) x (patients not exposed and had event)]
61
pack year smoking hx
cigarrets or packs per day ÷ years smoked
62
hazard ratio equation
hazareed rate in the treatment group ÷ hazard rate in teh control group
63
initial basal bolus insulin in T1DM calculation
- TDD = 0.5 U /kg/day
- half to basal and other half to rapid acting (split evenly amongst meals)
64
insulin correction dose
(BG - target BG) ÷ correction factor
65
friedewald equation
LDL = TC - HDL - (TG ÷ 5)
| do NOT use if TG > 400
66
BSA equation
| mosteller equation
sqrt [ (cm x kg) ÷ 3600]
67
bioavailability equation
F = 100 x (AUC extravascular ÷ intravenous) x (dose IV ÷ extravascular)
68
Vd equation
amount of drug in body ÷ [ ] of drug in plasma
69
Cl equation
Cl = (F x dose) ÷ AUC = ke x Vd
70
drug [ ] prediction equations
- C2 = C1 x e ^ (-kt)
- ke = [ ln ( C1 ÷ C2)] ÷ t
71
half life equation
0.693 ÷ke
72
loading dose equation
(desired [ ] x Vd) ÷ F
73
MAP equation
2/3 DBP + 1/3 SBP
74
phenytoin correction for albumin < 3.5
total phenytoin ÷ [(02 x albumin) + 0.1]
75
KCl PO soln to tablets
KCl 10% = 20 mEq/15 ml
76
elemental Ca in calcium carb
calcium carb = 40% elemental Ca
77
elemental Ca in calcium citrate
calcium citrate = 21% elemental Ca
78
aminophylline, theophylline conversion
theophylline → aminophyline: divide by 0.8
79
statin dose equivalence
- pitavastatin 2mg
- rosuvastatin 5mg
- atorvastatin 10mg
- simvastatin 20mg
- lovastatin 40mg
- pravastatin 40mg
- fluvastatin 80mg
80
metoprolol PO IV conversion
IV:PO = 1:2.5
81
loop diuretic dose equivalence
- ethacrynic acid 50mg
- furosemide 40mg
- torsemide 20mg
- bumetannide 1mg
| all loops have a 1:1 IV PO ratio except furosemide (1:2)
82
insulin dose conversion
- usually 1:1 conversion
- NPH dosed BID → glargine : glargine dose = 80% of NPH TTD
- glargine or detemir = 80% of toujeo
83
levothyroxine IV PO conversion
IV: PO = 0.75:1
84
steroids dose equivalence
- cortisone 25mg
- hydrocortisone 20mg
- prednisone and prednisolone 5mg
- methylpred 4mg
- triamcinolone 4mg
- dexamethasone 0.75mg
- betamethasone 0.6mg
85
Lithium conversions
5 mL Li citrate syrup = 300mg Li carb = 8 mEq Li+ ion
