Introduction Flashcards
- The study of the biological functions of organs and their interrelationships?
- STUDIES INTERPLAY OF FACTORS THAT AFFECT
GROWTH
Physiology
Father of Modern Physiology
Claude Bernard (1813-1878)
observed that the internal environment remains remarkably constant despite changing conditions in the external environment.
Claude Bernard
An American physiologist that coined the term “Homeostasis” in 1932
Walter Cannon (1871-1945)
Stable internal environment
Homeostasis
Two types of Physiology
- Integration
- Homeostasis
Nutrients and oxygen
are distributed by the ___
Blood
Metabolic wastes are
eliminated by the _____
Urinary and Respiratory Systems
Binds together or supports cells, other tissues/organs
Connective Tissue
- Contracts on stimulation
- Movement, posture and heat production
Muscle (contractile) tissue
Conducts nerve impulses throughout the body
Nerve Tissue
- Covers all body surfaces; lines all cavities; forms glands
- Protective barrier against the environment
Epithelial Tissue
Major Organ Systems
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Circulatory
- Lymphatic
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Urinary
- Reproductive
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM
- INSPITE OF MULTIPLE
STIMULI - MAINTAINED BY
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
HOMEOSTASIS
the ability to maintain a relatively
stable internal environment in an ever-changing
outside world
Homeostasis
The body is in a dynamic
state of equilibrium
The internal environment
interact to
maintain homeostasis
Chemical, thermal, and neural factors
Produces
change
in variable
Stimulus
Information
sent along
afferent
pathway to
Input
Information sent
along efferent
pathway
Output
Response of effector feeds back to influence magnitude of stimulus and returns variable to
Homeostasis
Regulation of
homeostasis is
accomplished
through _____ and _____
Nervous and Endocrine systems
DETECTS CHANGES (STIMULI)
IN THE BODY.
RECEPTOR
DETERMINES A SET
POINT FOR A NORMAL RANGE.
CONTROL CENTER
CAUSES THE RESPONSE
DETERMINED BY THE CONTROL CENTER.
EFFECTOR
A regulatory mechanism in which a
change in a controlled variable
triggers a response that OPPOSES
the change.
Negative Feedback
- decreases the intensity of the
stimulus or eliminates it
. - causes the system to change in the
opposite direction from the stimulus
Negative Feedback Mechanism
Example of Negative Feedback
Home heating Thermostat
- enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus so that activity is accelerated.
- results in change occurring in the same direction as the original stimulus
. - usually control infrequent events such as blood clotting or childbirth
Positive Feedback
- Does not maintain homeostasis.
- Characterized by being short in duration, and infrequent
Positive feedback
Diseases that cause homeostatic imbalances
- chills
- fever
- Elevated white blood counts
Reduces our ability to maintain homeostasis
Aging due to heat stress
