Introduction

Question 1

The study of disease.

Answer 1

Pathology

Question 2

Concerned with the nature and cause of disease as expressed by changes in cellular or tissue structure and function caused by the disease process.

Answer 2

Pathology

Question 3

Field of veterinary medicine concerned with the causes of and changes produced in the body of all vertebrate animals by disease.

Answer 3

Veterinary Pathology

Question 4

The study of disease in animals.

Answer 4

Veterinary Pathology

Question 5

The study of diseases affecting all animal species and humans.

Answer 5

Comparative Pathology

Question 6

The opposite of ease, or “not at ease” when something is wrong with a bodily function.

Answer 6

Disease

Question 7

Culmination of those various defects, deficiencies or excesses at the cell or tissue level which may ultimately express in a clinically apparent dysfunction.

Answer 7

Disease

Question 8

A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be
known or unknown.

Answer 8

Disease

Question 9

Failure of the adaptive mechanisms of an organism to counteract adequately the stimuli or stresses to which it is subject resulting in a disturbance in function or structure of any part, organ or system of the body.

Answer 9

Disease

Question 10

A deviation from what is physiologically, anatomically and biochemically normal; a response to injury; sickness or illness.

Answer 10

Disease

Question 11

A wound or injury; a pathologic change in the tissues.

Answer 11

Lesion

Question 11

Abnormal microscopic and gross changes (and to include biochemical) in a cell, tissue, organ and system as a result of a disease. It also involves biochemical alterations.

Answer 11

Lesion

Question 12

This refers to any outside or inside influences in the animal or individual that would cause changes either in physiology and morphology of the cell.

Answer 12

Injury (or Injurious Agents)

Question 13

Anything that upsets the homeostasis of the cell.

Answer 13

Injury (or Injurious Agents)

Question 14

Any stimulus or succession of stimuli of such magnitude that tend to disrupt the homeostasis of the organism.

Answer 14

Stress

Question 15

The maintenance of the steady state in an organism by coordinated physiological processes or feedback mechanisms.

Answer 15

Homeostasis

Question 15

When mechanisms of adjustment fail or become disproportionate, or incoordinate, may be considered an injury resulting in disease, disability and death.

Answer 15

Stress

Question 15

The processes through which such bodily equilibrium is maintained.

Answer 15

Homeostasis

Question 15

The sequential development of disease.

Answer 15

Pathogenesis

Question 16

The step by step progression of disease from its onset to formation of lesion and clinical manifestations.

Answer 16

Pathogenesis

Question 17

The origin and course of development of disease.

Answer 17

Pathogenesis

Question 18

Refers to the capacity to produce a disease.

Answer 18

Pathogenicity

Question 19

Refers to the degree of pathogenicity or disease producing power of the organism.

Answer 19

Virulence

Question 20

Set of lesions that would highly indicate the disease.

Answer 20

Pathognomonic

Question 21

Expected outcome or prediction of probable result of a disease

Answer 21

Prognosis

Question 22

The act of deciding the nature, cause and course of a disease.

Answer 22

Diagnosis

Question 23

The conclusion of all considered lesions resulting to naming of a disease.

Answer 23

Diagnosis

Question 24

Resulting to naming of the disease.

Answer 24

Definitive or Confirmatory Diagnosis

Question 25

Based on signs and symptoms

Answer 25

Clinical Diagnosis

Question 26

Based on gross and microscopic lesions.

Answer 26

Morphological Diagnosis

Question 27

Based on laboratory identification/isolation.

Answer 27

Etiological Diagnosis

Question 28

Man-made or induced diseases.

Answer 28

Iatrogenic

Question 29

The injurious agent or etiology is unknown

Answer 29

Idiopathic

Question 30

Individual peculiarity.

Answer 30

Idiosyncrasy

Question 31

The removal of and examination of tissue from a live individual or animal.

Answer 31

Biopsy

Question 31

Post-mortem examination of animals.

Answer 31

Necropsy

Question 32

Microscopic study of lesion(s) in a tissue section.

Answer 32

Histopathology

Question 33

The commonly used stain for histopathological examination

Answer 33

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E)

Question 34

Used to specifically demonstrate lesion. e.g., use of Sudan stains for fat vacuoles use of Periodic acid-schiff (PAS) for glycogen vacuoles use of Toluidine blue for mast cells

Answer 34

Special stains

Question 35

The father of modern pathology.

Answer 35

Rudolf Virchow

Question 36

The “father of medicine.”

Answer 36

Hippocrates

Question 37

Authored the four cardinal signs of inflammation.

Answer 37

Celsus

Question 38

The first veterinary college in the world was founded where?

Answer 38

Lyon, France in 1762

Question 39

The first veterinary college in the world was founded by?

Answer 39

Claude Bourgelat

Question 40

This is the medical symbol with a serpent. The word is derived from the Greek root meaning "herald's wand". The Romans were said to have used it as a badge of neutrality among heralds seeking peaceful negotiations with the enemy. It has come to be the dominant symbol of the medical profession.

Answer 40

Caduceus

Question 41

A biological membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell. This membrane serves to separate and protect a cell from its surrounding environment and is made mostly from a double layer of phospholipids, which are amphiphilic (partly hydrophobic and partly hydrophilic). Hence, the layer is called a phospholipid bilayer, or sometimes a fluid mosaic membrane.

Answer 41

Cell membrane or Plasma membrane

Question 42

The most conspicuous organelle found in a eukaryotic cell. It contains the chromosomes.

Answer 42

Cell Nucleus

Question 43

The place where almost all DNA replication and RNA synthesis (transcription) occur.

Answer 43

Chromosomes

Question 44

Generates energy for the cell. Cellular respiration occur, which generate the cell's energy by oxidative phosphorylation, using oxygen to release energy stored in cellular nutrients (typically pertaining to glucose) to generate ATP.

Answer 44

Mitochondria

Question 44

A specialized region within the nucleus where ribosome subunits are assembled.

Answer 44

Nucleolus

Question 45

A transport network for molecules targeted for certain modifications.

Answer 45

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 46

lacks ribosomes.

Answer 46

Smooth ER

Question 46

Has ribosomes on its surface that secrete proteins into the ER

Answer 46

Rough ER

Question 47

A large complex of RNA and protein molecules. They each consist of two subunits, and act as an assembly line where RNA from the nucleus is used to synthesize proteins from amino acids. It can be found either floating freely or bound to a membrane.

Answer 47

Ribosomes

Question 48

The primary function is to process and package the macromolecules such as proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell.

Answer 48

Golgi apparatus

Question 49

Contain digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases). They digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.

Answer 49

Lysosomes

Question 50

Three types of cells (helpful in prognosis)

Answer 50

Labile cells, Stable cells, Permanent cells

Question 51

Types of cell that continuously regenerate

Answer 51

Labile cells

Question 51

Type of cell that has limited cell growth capacity

Answer 51

Stable cells

Question 52

Types of cells that once damage will no longer regenerate such as heart muscles and brain cells

Answer 52

Permanent cells

Question 53

Special stains use for fat vacuoles

Answer 53

Sudan stains or Oil Red O stains

Question 54

Special stains use for glycogen vacuoles

Answer 54

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stains

Question 55

Special stains use for mast cells

Answer 55

Toluidine blue

Question 56

Special stains use for blood examination. It is used in hematology to stain peripheral blood and bone marrow smears.

Answer 56

Wright stain and Wright-Geimsa stain (Romanowsky stains)

Question 57

Somatic ells that are incapable of mitosis

Answer 57

Blood cells, neurons, myocardial cells

Question 57

cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell.

Answer 57

Endocytosis

Question 58

active transport system that exchanges sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane of animal cells.

Answer 58

Sodium potassium pump

Question 58

Cells expel materials from inside the cell to the extracellular space using vesicles.

Answer 58

Exocytosis

Question 58

acidic glycopolymers found in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria.

Answer 58

Teichoic acid

Question 59

more commonly known as endotoxin, is a collective term for components of the outermost membrane of the cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli and Salmonella.

Answer 59

Lipopolysaccharides