Introduction Flashcards
The study of disease.
Pathology
Concerned with the nature and cause of disease as expressed by changes in cellular or tissue structure and function caused by the disease process.
Pathology
Field of veterinary medicine concerned with the causes of and changes produced in the body of all vertebrate animals by disease.
Veterinary Pathology
The study of disease in animals.
Veterinary Pathology
The study of diseases affecting all animal species and humans.
Comparative Pathology
The opposite of ease, or “not at ease” when something is wrong with a bodily function.
Disease
Culmination of those various defects, deficiencies or excesses at the cell or tissue level which may ultimately express in a clinically apparent dysfunction.
Disease
A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be
known or unknown.
Disease
Failure of the adaptive mechanisms of an organism to counteract adequately the stimuli or stresses to which it is subject resulting in a disturbance in function or structure of any part, organ or system of the body.
Disease
A deviation from what is physiologically, anatomically and biochemically normal; a response to injury; sickness or illness.
Disease
A wound or injury; a pathologic change in the tissues.
Lesion
Abnormal microscopic and gross changes (and to include biochemical) in a cell, tissue, organ and system as a result of a disease. It also involves biochemical alterations.
Lesion
This refers to any outside or inside influences in the animal or individual that would cause changes either in physiology and morphology of the cell.
Injury (or Injurious Agents)
Anything that upsets the homeostasis of the cell.
Injury (or Injurious Agents)
Any stimulus or succession of stimuli of such magnitude that tend to disrupt the homeostasis of the organism.
Stress
The maintenance of the steady state in an organism by coordinated physiological processes or feedback mechanisms.
Homeostasis
When mechanisms of adjustment fail or become disproportionate, or incoordinate, may be considered an injury resulting in disease, disability and death.
Stress
The processes through which such bodily equilibrium is maintained.
Homeostasis
The sequential development of disease.
Pathogenesis
The step by step progression of disease from its onset to formation of lesion and clinical manifestations.
Pathogenesis
The origin and course of development of disease.
Pathogenesis
Refers to the capacity to produce a disease.
Pathogenicity
Refers to the degree of pathogenicity or disease producing power of the organism.
Virulence
Set of lesions that would highly indicate the disease.
Pathognomonic
Expected outcome or prediction of probable result of a disease
Prognosis
The act of deciding the nature, cause and course of a disease.
Diagnosis
The conclusion of all considered lesions resulting to naming of a disease.
Diagnosis
Resulting to naming of the disease.
Definitive or Confirmatory Diagnosis
Based on signs and symptoms
Clinical Diagnosis
Based on gross and microscopic lesions.
Morphological Diagnosis
Based on laboratory identification/isolation.
Etiological Diagnosis
Man-made or induced diseases.
Iatrogenic
The injurious agent or etiology is unknown
Idiopathic
Individual peculiarity.
Idiosyncrasy
The removal of and examination of tissue from a live individual or animal.
Biopsy
Post-mortem examination of animals.
Necropsy
Microscopic study of lesion(s) in a tissue section.
Histopathology
The commonly used stain for histopathological examination
Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E)
Used to specifically demonstrate lesion.
e.g.,
use of Sudan stains for fat vacuoles
use of Periodic acid-schiff (PAS) for glycogen vacuoles
use of Toluidine blue for mast cells
Special stains
The father of modern pathology.
Rudolf Virchow
The “father of medicine.”
Hippocrates
Authored the four cardinal signs of inflammation.
Celsus
The first veterinary college in the world was founded where?
Lyon, France in 1762
The first veterinary college in the world was founded by?
Claude Bourgelat
This is the medical symbol with a serpent. The word is derived from the Greek root meaning “herald’s wand”. The Romans were said to have used it as a badge of neutrality among heralds seeking peaceful negotiations with the enemy. It has come to be the dominant symbol of the medical profession.
Caduceus
A biological membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell. This membrane serves to separate and protect a cell from its surrounding environment and is made mostly from a double layer of phospholipids, which are amphiphilic (partly hydrophobic and partly hydrophilic). Hence, the layer is called a phospholipid bilayer, or sometimes a fluid mosaic membrane.
Cell membrane or Plasma membrane
The most conspicuous organelle found in a eukaryotic cell. It contains the chromosomes.
Cell Nucleus
The place where almost all DNA replication and RNA synthesis (transcription) occur.
Chromosomes
Generates energy for the cell. Cellular respiration occur, which generate the
cell’s energy by oxidative phosphorylation, using oxygen to release energy stored in cellular nutrients (typically pertaining to glucose) to generate ATP.
Mitochondria
A specialized region within the nucleus where ribosome subunits are assembled.
Nucleolus
A transport network for molecules targeted for certain modifications.
Endoplasmic reticulum
lacks ribosomes.
Smooth ER
Has ribosomes on its surface that secrete proteins into the ER
Rough ER
A large complex of RNA and protein molecules. They each consist of two subunits, and act as an assembly line where RNA from the nucleus is used to synthesize proteins from amino acids. It can be found either floating freely or bound to a membrane.
Ribosomes
The primary function is to process and package the macromolecules such
as proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell.
Golgi apparatus
Contain digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases). They digest excess or worn-out organelles,
food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
Lysosomes
Three types of cells (helpful in prognosis)
Labile cells, Stable cells, Permanent cells
Types of cell that continuously regenerate
Labile cells
Type of cell that has limited cell growth capacity
Stable cells
Types of cells that once damage will no longer regenerate such as heart muscles and brain cells
Permanent cells
Special stains use for fat vacuoles
Sudan stains or Oil Red O stains
Special stains use for glycogen vacuoles
Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stains
Special stains use for mast cells
Toluidine blue
Special stains use for blood examination. It is used in hematology to stain peripheral blood and bone marrow smears.
Wright stain and Wright-Geimsa stain (Romanowsky stains)
Somatic ells that are incapable of mitosis
Blood cells, neurons, myocardial cells
cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell.
Endocytosis
active transport system that exchanges sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane of animal cells.
Sodium potassium pump
Cells expel materials from inside the cell to the extracellular space using vesicles.
Exocytosis
acidic glycopolymers found in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria.
Teichoic acid
more commonly known as endotoxin, is a collective term for components of the outermost membrane of the cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli and Salmonella.
Lipopolysaccharides
