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Veterinary Pathology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

The study of disease.

A

Pathology

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2
Q

Concerned with the nature and cause of disease as expressed by changes in cellular or tissue structure and function caused by the disease process.

A

Pathology

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3
Q

Field of veterinary medicine concerned with the causes of and changes produced in the body of all vertebrate animals by disease.

A

Veterinary Pathology

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4
Q

The study of disease in animals.

A

Veterinary Pathology

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5
Q

The study of diseases affecting all animal species and humans.

A

Comparative Pathology

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6
Q

The opposite of ease, or “not at ease” when something is wrong with a bodily function.

A

Disease

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7
Q

Culmination of those various defects, deficiencies or excesses at the cell or tissue level which may ultimately express in a clinically apparent dysfunction.

A

Disease

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8
Q

A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be
known or unknown.

A

Disease

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9
Q

Failure of the adaptive mechanisms of an organism to counteract adequately the stimuli or stresses to which it is subject resulting in a disturbance in function or structure of any part, organ or system of the body.

A

Disease

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10
Q

A deviation from what is physiologically, anatomically and biochemically normal; a response to injury; sickness or illness.

A

Disease

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11
Q

A wound or injury; a pathologic change in the tissues.

A

Lesion

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11
Q

Abnormal microscopic and gross changes (and to include biochemical) in a cell, tissue, organ and system as a result of a disease. It also involves biochemical alterations.

A

Lesion

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12
Q

This refers to any outside or inside influences in the animal or individual that would cause changes either in physiology and morphology of the cell.

A

Injury (or Injurious Agents)

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13
Q

Anything that upsets the homeostasis of the cell.

A

Injury (or Injurious Agents)

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14
Q

Any stimulus or succession of stimuli of such magnitude that tend to disrupt the homeostasis of the organism.

A

Stress

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15
Q

The maintenance of the steady state in an organism by coordinated physiological processes or feedback mechanisms.

A

Homeostasis

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15
Q

When mechanisms of adjustment fail or become disproportionate, or incoordinate, may be considered an injury resulting in disease, disability and death.

A

Stress

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15
Q

The processes through which such bodily equilibrium is maintained.

A

Homeostasis

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15
Q

The sequential development of disease.

A

Pathogenesis

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16
Q

The step by step progression of disease from its onset to formation of lesion and clinical manifestations.

A

Pathogenesis

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17
Q

The origin and course of development of disease.

A

Pathogenesis

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18
Q

Refers to the capacity to produce a disease.

A

Pathogenicity

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19
Q

Refers to the degree of pathogenicity or disease producing power of the organism.

A

Virulence

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20
Q

Set of lesions that would highly indicate the disease.

A

Pathognomonic

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21
Q

Expected outcome or prediction of probable result of a disease

A

Prognosis

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22
Q

The act of deciding the nature, cause and course of a disease.

A

Diagnosis

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23
Q

The conclusion of all considered lesions resulting to naming of a disease.

A

Diagnosis

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24
Q

Resulting to naming of the disease.

A

Definitive or Confirmatory Diagnosis

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25
Q

Based on signs and symptoms

A

Clinical Diagnosis

26
Q

Based on gross and microscopic lesions.

A

Morphological Diagnosis

27
Q

Based on laboratory identification/isolation.

A

Etiological Diagnosis

28
Q

Man-made or induced diseases.

A

Iatrogenic

29
Q

The injurious agent or etiology is unknown

A

Idiopathic

30
Q

Individual peculiarity.

A

Idiosyncrasy

31
Q

The removal of and examination of tissue from a live individual or animal.

A

Biopsy

31
Q

Post-mortem examination of animals.

A

Necropsy

32
Q

Microscopic study of lesion(s) in a tissue section.

A

Histopathology

33
Q

The commonly used stain for histopathological examination

A

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E)

34
Q

Used to specifically demonstrate lesion.
e.g.,
use of Sudan stains for fat vacuoles
use of Periodic acid-schiff (PAS) for glycogen vacuoles
use of Toluidine blue for mast cells

A

Special stains

35
Q

The father of modern pathology.

A

Rudolf Virchow

36
Q

The “father of medicine.”

A

Hippocrates

37
Q

Authored the four cardinal signs of inflammation.

A

Celsus

38
Q

The first veterinary college in the world was founded where?

A

Lyon, France in 1762

39
Q

The first veterinary college in the world was founded by?

A

Claude Bourgelat

40
Q

This is the medical symbol with a serpent. The word is derived from the Greek root meaning “herald’s wand”. The Romans were said to have used it as a badge of neutrality among heralds seeking peaceful negotiations with the enemy. It has come to be the dominant symbol of the medical profession.

A

Caduceus

41
Q

A biological membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell. This membrane serves to separate and protect a cell from its surrounding environment and is made mostly from a double layer of phospholipids, which are amphiphilic (partly hydrophobic and partly hydrophilic). Hence, the layer is called a phospholipid bilayer, or sometimes a fluid mosaic membrane.

A

Cell membrane or Plasma membrane

42
Q

The most conspicuous organelle found in a eukaryotic cell. It contains the chromosomes.

A

Cell Nucleus

43
Q

The place where almost all DNA replication and RNA synthesis (transcription) occur.

A

Chromosomes

44
Q

Generates energy for the cell. Cellular respiration occur, which generate the
cell’s energy by oxidative phosphorylation, using oxygen to release energy stored in cellular nutrients (typically pertaining to glucose) to generate ATP.

A

Mitochondria

44
Q

A specialized region within the nucleus where ribosome subunits are assembled.

A

Nucleolus

45
Q

A transport network for molecules targeted for certain modifications.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

46
Q

lacks ribosomes.

A

Smooth ER

46
Q

Has ribosomes on its surface that secrete proteins into the ER

A

Rough ER

47
Q

A large complex of RNA and protein molecules. They each consist of two subunits, and act as an assembly line where RNA from the nucleus is used to synthesize proteins from amino acids. It can be found either floating freely or bound to a membrane.

A

Ribosomes

48
Q

The primary function is to process and package the macromolecules such
as proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell.

A

Golgi apparatus

49
Q

Contain digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases). They digest excess or worn-out organelles,
food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.

A

Lysosomes

50
Q

Three types of cells (helpful in prognosis)

A

Labile cells, Stable cells, Permanent cells

51
Q

Types of cell that continuously regenerate

A

Labile cells

51
Q

Type of cell that has limited cell growth capacity

A

Stable cells

52
Q

Types of cells that once damage will no longer regenerate such as heart muscles and brain cells

A

Permanent cells

53
Q

Special stains use for fat vacuoles

A

Sudan stains or Oil Red O stains

54
Q

Special stains use for glycogen vacuoles

A

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stains

55
Q

Special stains use for mast cells

A

Toluidine blue

56
Q

Special stains use for blood examination. It is used in hematology to stain peripheral blood and bone marrow smears.

A

Wright stain and Wright-Geimsa stain (Romanowsky stains)

57
Q

Somatic ells that are incapable of mitosis

A

Blood cells, neurons, myocardial cells

57
Q

cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell.

A

Endocytosis

58
Q

active transport system that exchanges sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane of animal cells.

A

Sodium potassium pump

58
Q

Cells expel materials from inside the cell to the extracellular space using vesicles.

A

Exocytosis

58
Q

acidic glycopolymers found in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria.

A

Teichoic acid

59
Q

more commonly known as endotoxin, is a collective term for components of the outermost membrane of the cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli and Salmonella.

A

Lipopolysaccharides

Veterinary Pathology (7 decks)

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