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Bacteriology > introduction > Flashcards

introduction Flashcards

1
Q

the scientific study of microscopic organisms and viruses

A

bacteriology

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2
Q

organisms studied with a microscope

A

microorganisms

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3
Q

he reported that life’s smallest structural units were “little boxes” or cells

A

robert hooke

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4
Q

hooke’s discovery marked the beginning of what theory?

A

cell theory

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5
Q

the first to observe and describe live microorganisms

A

anton van leeuwenhoek

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6
Q

he discovered animalcules

A

anton van leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

magnification of leeuwenhoek’s microscope

A

50-300x

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8
Q

demonstrated that maggots did not generate spontaneously

A

francesco redi

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9
Q

he proposed that organic matter possessed a vital force that could give rise to life

A

john needham

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10
Q

he proposed that air transports microorganisms

A

lazzaro spallanzani

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11
Q

he challenged the case for spontaneous generation with the concept of BIOGENESIS

A

rudolf virchow

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12
Q

he resolved the issue of spontaneous generation

A

louis pasteur

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13
Q

year when the issue of spontaneous generation was resolved

A

1861

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14
Q

this process is used to make wine and beer

A

fermentation

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15
Q

process used to reduce spoilage and kill potentially harmful bacteria in milk as well as in some alcoholic drinks

A

pasteurization

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16
Q

yeasts convert the sugars into alcohol in the absence of air

A

fermentation

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17
Q

form of sterilization that uses moist heat for 3 days to eradicate vegetative cells and endospores

A

tyndallization

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18
Q

who develop tyndallization

A

john tyndall

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19
Q

year of fermentation

A

1857

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20
Q

year of pasteurization

A

1864

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21
Q

year of gram staining proc.

A

1884

22
Q

who developed gram staining proc.

A

hans christian gram

23
Q

he demonstrated that routine handwashing can prevent the spread of diseases

A

ignaz semmelweis

24
Q

performed surgery under aseptic conditions using PHENOL

A

joseph lister

25
Q

the first to prove that bacteria actually cause disease

A

robert koch

26
Q

treatment by using chemical substances, and for cancer

A

chemotherapy

27
Q

chemotherapeutic agents
prepared from chemicals in the laboratory

A

synthetic drugs

28
Q

chemicals produced NATURALLY by
bacteria and fungi to act against other microorganisms

A

antibiotics

29
Q

orderly classification and grouping of organisms into categories

A

taxonomy

30
Q

meaning of taxa

A

categories

31
Q

same species with the same genetic makeup but displays different physiologic and biochemical characteristics

A

biotype

32
Q

based on serological differences within the same species

A

serotype

33
Q

provides naming asssignments for each organism

A

nomenclature

34
Q

types of domains

A

eukarya, archaea, bacteria

35
Q

waksman discovered these antibiotics

A

streptomycin and neomycin

36
Q

process of discovering and recording the traits of organisms

A

identification

37
Q

modern system of bacterial classification

A

polyphasic taxonomy

38
Q

variant of prokaryotic strains

A

morphovars

39
Q

population of organisms within a particular taxonomy category

A

strain

40
Q

proper word for the name of specie

A

epithet

41
Q

a serovar having similar antigens

A

serogroup

42
Q

lacks nucleus

A

prokaryotes

43
Q

he devised a system of classification
based on the cellular organization of organisms

A

carl woese

44
Q

unicellular organisms that lack a nuclear membrane and true nucleus

A

domain bacteria

45
Q

eu meaning ________ and karyon meaning _________

A

true nucleus

46
Q

these are organisms that has nucleus

A

eukaryote

47
Q

they do not contain nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

A

domain archaea

48
Q

hyperthermophiles

A

thermococcus

49
Q

methane producing bacterium

A

methanogens

50
Q

requires an environment with high concentration of salt

A

halobacterium

Bacteriology (8 decks)

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