introduction Flashcards
the scientific study of microscopic organisms and viruses
bacteriology
organisms studied with a microscope
microorganisms
he reported that life’s smallest structural units were “little boxes” or cells
robert hooke
hooke’s discovery marked the beginning of what theory?
cell theory
the first to observe and describe live microorganisms
anton van leeuwenhoek
he discovered animalcules
anton van leeuwenhoek
magnification of leeuwenhoek’s microscope
50-300x
demonstrated that maggots did not generate spontaneously
francesco redi
he proposed that organic matter possessed a vital force that could give rise to life
john needham
he proposed that air transports microorganisms
lazzaro spallanzani
he challenged the case for spontaneous generation with the concept of BIOGENESIS
rudolf virchow
he resolved the issue of spontaneous generation
louis pasteur
year when the issue of spontaneous generation was resolved
1861
this process is used to make wine and beer
fermentation
process used to reduce spoilage and kill potentially harmful bacteria in milk as well as in some alcoholic drinks
pasteurization
yeasts convert the sugars into alcohol in the absence of air
fermentation
form of sterilization that uses moist heat for 3 days to eradicate vegetative cells and endospores
tyndallization
who develop tyndallization
john tyndall
year of fermentation
1857
year of pasteurization
1864
year of gram staining proc.
1884
who developed gram staining proc.
hans christian gram
he demonstrated that routine handwashing can prevent the spread of diseases
ignaz semmelweis
performed surgery under aseptic conditions using PHENOL
joseph lister
the first to prove that bacteria actually cause disease
robert koch
treatment by using chemical substances, and for cancer
chemotherapy
chemotherapeutic agents
prepared from chemicals in the laboratory
synthetic drugs
chemicals produced NATURALLY by
bacteria and fungi to act against other microorganisms
antibiotics
orderly classification and grouping of organisms into categories
taxonomy
meaning of taxa
categories
same species with the same genetic makeup but displays different physiologic and biochemical characteristics
biotype
based on serological differences within the same species
serotype
provides naming asssignments for each organism
nomenclature
types of domains
eukarya, archaea, bacteria
waksman discovered these antibiotics
streptomycin and neomycin
process of discovering and recording the traits of organisms
identification
modern system of bacterial classification
polyphasic taxonomy
variant of prokaryotic strains
morphovars
population of organisms within a particular taxonomy category
strain
proper word for the name of specie
epithet
a serovar having similar antigens
serogroup
lacks nucleus
prokaryotes
he devised a system of classification
based on the cellular organization of organisms
carl woese
unicellular organisms that lack a nuclear membrane and true nucleus
domain bacteria
eu meaning ________ and karyon meaning _________
true nucleus
these are organisms that has nucleus
eukaryote
they do not contain nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
domain archaea
hyperthermophiles
thermococcus
methane producing bacterium
methanogens
requires an environment with high concentration of salt
halobacterium
