Introduction

Question 1

FUNCTION OF BLOOD:

Answer 1

• Transports oxygen from lungs to tissues
• Clears tissues of carbon dioxide
• Transports glucose, proteins, and lipids
• Moves wastes to the liver and kidneys.

Question 2

Plasma provides _______that protect vessels from trauma and maintain circulation.

Answer 2

coagulation enzymes

Question 3

THREE CATEGORIES OF BLOOD CELLS

Answer 3

1. Red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes
2. White blood cells (WBCs) or leukocytes
3. Platelets (PLTs), or thrombocytes

Question 4

COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC)
- is performed on automated blood cell analyzers and includes the…

Answer 4

RBC, WBC, and platelet measurements

Question 5

Out-patient Department
• Done in the ___
• A dedicated___is present.
• Also known as “____”
• No_____ is needed

Answer 5

extraction area

phlebotomy chair

walk-ins

schedule/appointment

Question 6

In-Patient Department
• Done in_____
• Some hospitals establish ____for the phlebotomist to collected blood
• Not unless STAT sample is needed.

Answer 6

bedside of patient ER, OR, Wards, ICU

warding
time

Question 7

may be automated, relying on car code or radiofrequency identification technology, thus reducing instances of identification error.

Answer 7

Accession

Question 8

Processing most laboratories employ ______to generate the CBC.

Answer 8

automated blood cell analyzers

Question 9

When one of the results from the blood cell analyzer is abnormal, the instrument provides an indication of this, sometimes called a____

Answer 9

flag

Question 10

Releasing of results
Should there be abnormalities in the result, or such circumstances where results are too high or too low compared to the reference ranges, it is just that the medical technologist should perform______

Answer 10

Manual CBC

Question 11

RBCs are anucleate, biconcave, discoid cells filled with a reddish protein,____, which transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer 11

hemoglobin

Question 12

RBCs
- appear ____and measure ____in diameter with a ____ that occupies one-third of their center, reflecting their biconcavity

Answer 12

salmon pink

7 to 8 mm

zone of pallor

Question 13

Polycythemia…

Answer 13

means an increased RBC count reflecting increased circulating RBC mass, a condition that leads to hyperviscosity

Question 14

microscopists counted RBCs bv carefully pipetting a tinv aliquot of whole blood and mixing it with____

• Normal saline matches the osmolality of blood; consequently, the suspended RBCs retained their intrinsic morphology, neither swelling nor shrinking

Answer 14

0.85% (normal) saline

Question 15

• A_____ dilution was typical for RBC counts and a glass pipette designed to provide this dilution, the Thoma pipette, was used routinely until the advent of automation.

Answer 15

1:200

Question 16

• The diluted blood was transferred to a glass counting chamber called a_____

Answer 16

hemacytometer

Question 17

Hemoglobin measurement relies on a weak solution of

Answer 17

potassium cyanide and potassium ferricyanide, called Drabkin reagent

Question 18

• An aliquot of whole blood is mixed with a measured volume of Drabkin reagent, hemoglobin is converted to stable_____

• the absorbance or color intensity of the solution measured spectrophotometer at _____wavelength

Answer 18

cyanmethemoglobin (hemiglobincyanide)

540 nm

Question 19

HEMATOCRIT DETERMINATION
-> also called

Answer 19

packed cell volume (PCV)

Question 20

is a light-colored layer between RBCs and plasma and contains WBCs and platelets

• excluded from the hematocrit determination.

Answer 20

buffy coat

Question 21

Hct normal ratio

Answer 21

50%

Question 22

RBC INDICES
- The medical laboratory professional may use the three numerical results
• (3), to compute the RBC indices (4)

Answer 22

RBC count, HGB, and HCT

mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

Question 23

• Extreme RBC volume variability is visible on the Wright-stained blood film as variation in diameter and is called

Answer 23

anisocytosis

Question 24

provide stable measurements for internal quality control of automated blood cell analyzers

Answer 24

RBC indices

Question 25

are used in nearly all clinical laboratories to generate these data, although visual examination of Wright-stained blood film is essential to verify abnormal results

Answer 25

Automated blood cell analyzers

Question 26

MCV formula

Answer 26

HCT/RBC x 10

Question 27

MCH formula

Answer 27

HGB/ RBC x 10

Question 28

MCHC formula

Answer 28

HGB/ HCT x 100

Question 29

To accomplish a blood film examination, the microscopist prepares a “_____” blood film on a glass microscope slide, allows it to dry, and fixes and stains it using____

Answer 29

wedge-prep

Wright or Wright-Giemsa stain.

Question 30

The microscopist systematically reviews. identifies. and tabulates 100 (or more) WBCs to determine their percent distribution

This process is referred to as_____

Answer 30

WBC differential (“diff’)

Question 31

the typical dilution is____, and the diluent is a dilute acid solution.

Answer 31

1:20

Question 32

A decreased WBC count is called____
An increased WBC count is called____

Answer 32

leukopenia

leukocytosis