Introduction

Question 1

How many roots in the maxillary central incisor

Answer 1

1

Question 2

How many canals in maxillary central incisor

Answer 2

1

Question 3

How many canals in maxillary lateral incisor

Answer 3

1

Question 4

How many canals in maxillary canine

Answer 4

1

Question 5

How many canals in maxillary first premolar

Answer 5

2

Question 6

How many canals in maxillary second premolar

Answer 6

1 most common

Question 7

How many canals in maxillary first molar

Answer 7

4 or 3

4 most common

Question 8

How many canals in maxillary second molar

Answer 8

3 most common

Question 9

How many canals in mandibular central incisor

Answer 9

1 most common

Question 10

How many canals in mandibular lateral incisor

Answer 10

1 most common

Question 11

How many canals in mandibular canine

Answer 11

1 most common

Question 12

How many canals in mandibular first premolar

Answer 12

1 most common

Question 13

How many canals in mandibular second premolar

Answer 13

1 most common

Question 14

How many canals in mandibular first molar

Answer 14

3 most common

Question 15

How many canals in mandibular second molar

Answer 15

(3 most common)

Question 16

How do bacteria exist in the root canal space in endodisease

Answer 16

as a biofilm

Question 17

How do the bacteria in endo disease show resistance

Answer 17

the AB may fail to penetrate the biofilm
AB may be trapped and destroyed by enzymes
AB may not be active against non-growing microorganisms
expression of biofilm-specific resistance genes
stress response to hostile environmental conditions

Question 18

What are features of apical periodontitis

Answer 18

→ Chronic poly-microbial infection
→ Stimulation of host response
Connective tissue destruction

Question 19

What are features of periradicular disease

Answer 19

→ Highly prevalent
→ Significant morbidity (tooth loss/severe infection)
→ Substantial healthcare burden to NHS
→ Focus of infection/inflammation?

Question 20

What are the clinical objectives of RCT

Answer 20

→ Remove canal contents
→ Eliminate infection
→ Remember multiple options exist for management of endo disease

Question 21

What is the aim of the endo-restorative interface

Answer 21

→ To provide an environment that allows healing of periradicular tissues so that the tooth is retained as a functional unit in the dental arch

Question 22

In a radiograph if the root canal disappears what does this mean

Answer 22

canal division

Question 23

If in a radiograph there is a thickening of the space in periradicular areas other than the apical region what does this mean

Answer 23

lateral and accessory canals

Question 24

If in the radiograph there is a knob like appearance what does this mean

Answer 24

curvature

Question 25

If there is an unusual presence of vertical lines in the radiographs what does this mean

Answer 25

gross concavities of the root surface

Question 26

In electric pulp testing what nerve is stimulated first

Answer 26

a delta - lower stimulation threshold

Question 27

What does the vascular supply of the tooth consist of

Answer 27

main supply arterioles
supply capillary network
terminal capillary network
venular network