Introduction

Question 1

When did forensic science arose

Answer 1

It arose in china around the 6th century

Question 2

When did fingerprint begin to become known

Answer 2

In the 7th century, it was first use as a form of identification

Question 3

When was the first legally documented autopsy performed

Answer 3

During the 1302 in bologna

Question 4

What are coroner?

Answer 4

It a government official responsible for death investigation and issuing death certificate. In the United States this position is appointed or elected.

Question 5

Define fallabilism

Answer 5

An awareness of what you don’t know and certainly of what you do know. The saying of “ i know what i know, and i know what I don’t know”

Question 6

Who are medical examiner?

Answer 6

A license medical doctor who are responsible for examining bodies post mortem to determine the cause of death.

Question 7

Define cause of death

Answer 7

A disease or injury that initiated the lethal chain of events, however prolonged or brief, that led to death of the person.
Example: gunshot wound

Question 8

Define mechanism of death

Answer 8

A biochemical or physiologic abnormality produced by the cause of death that is incompatible with life
Example - loss of blood

Question 9

When did coroner existed

Answer 9

Officer of coroner existed in England before the 10 century.
- act as a inquisitional judge
- there wasn’t a requirement needed

Question 10

When did Massachusett replaced corner

Answer 10

Massachusetts replaced coroners with medical examiner in 1877

Question 11

During the 1877 what were the requirements to be a medical examiner

Answer 11

• required medical examiner to be licensed medical practitionerss
• the commission of Uniform state law was passed, and many states passed the medical examiner act- where many large cities adopted examiners

Question 12

Does both corner and medical examier existed today.

Answer 12

Yes, both still exist but both require a medical degree

Question 13

What are the role for a forensic scientists

Answer 13

• recover the human remains
• identify human
  -document the cause of death
• assist in criminal investigation through scientific ananylsis of evidence.
• contribute scientific reliability in court
• sure the guilty receive punishment
• free innocent people.

Question 14

What is the scientific method

Answer 14

The explanation of connection ( the hypothesis ) to the pursue test which lead to the experiment, data collection, and Analyze, last the conclusion

Question 15

forensic science method

Answer 15

• the experiment already have been done
• find reason from the given set of result which is the crime
• find the probable explanation that can link to the perpetrator.

Question 16

What are the requirement of a forensic scientists

Answer 16

• educational degree
• must have certainly to their work
• find the best way to explain results to justify that they are better than any other alternative explanation

Question 17

What are the steps in a forensic investigation

Answer 17

Collection+examination+analysis+ reporting= cear
- find cause of death
- gather witness statement
- review medical history
Conduct autopsy
- perform toxicology test, dna testing
- correlate photographic evidence from scene
- make a report of the case
- testify if necessary

Question 18

What are 2 prolonged test take place during a forensic investigation

Answer 18

Is the death sudden?
- meaning within a few hours of onsets or without any symptom

Is the death unexpected
- did the had medical illness that could have lead to their death even if it was sudden.

Question 19

Who are forensic pathologists?

Answer 19

They deal with determining the cause of death, while reviewing the past medical history to understand issued raised by the death

Question 20

Define manner of death

Answer 20

In basic terms is how a person passes, did they passed
- natural
- accidental
- suicidal
- homicidal

Question 21

Define autopsy

Answer 21

Is the postmortem dissection of a human body

Question 22

What are the step of a autopsy

Answer 22

1) create the incision in the cheats, abdomen and head
2) removal of organ from the area of the body
3) collect specimen for testing
4) during a autopsy, Filipino and photography are both used during the autopsy

Question 23

What are the limitation on a autopsy

Answer 23

• religion
• culture have specific time limitation Or ceremonies that restrict autopsy
• next of kin may object to autopsy

Question 24

What types of incision is used during a autopsy

Answer 24

T shaped incision is used because it facilitates examination of the tongue and neck

Question 25

What is evidence

Answer 25

Evidence is defined as anything that will help prove or disprove a material fact

Question 26

What are 2 types of evidence

Answer 26

Real evidence( scientific)
Testimonial evidence ( non- scientific )

Question 27

Define real evidence

Answer 27

Is physical evidence that link a suspect to a crime or help explain the circumstances of the incident
* Examples of real evidence are fingerprints, blood, weapons

Question 28

Define non scientific ( testimonial evidence )

Answer 28

evidence that is a statement made under oath
• Examples of testimonial evidence are photos or sketches, eye witness testimony
• Generated by observation and documentation of the crime scene

Question 29

What is the Difference between the scientific and non scientific evidence

Answer 29

Scientific Evidence contain physical evidence that link a suspect to the crime.Like wise with a non-scientific evidence, not it certain but the statement was made under an oath.

Question 30

Define voir dire

Answer 30

A personal examination on background, training, experience

Question 31

What is direct examination

Answer 31

• the lay foundations for the admissibility of the evidence in question
• in criminal court, testimony of a forensic pathologist is almost required
• forensic pathologist are subject to ad hominem attacks by opposing counsel

Question 32

Define ad hominem

Answer 32

• a attack on person themselves instead of their testimony

Question 33

What is Frye standard of admissibility

Answer 33

• Under Frye, the scientific community is essentially the gatekeeper of determining evidence admissibility.
• If the scientific community finds a method or theory acceptable, the court must admit the evidence.
• Upon a finding of general acceptance, admissibility isn’t revisited in subsequent cases.

Question 34

What is daubert standard of admissibility

Answer 34

Under Daubert, the judge, not the scientific community, is the gatekeeper determining evidence admissibility.
* Additional information on error rates or additional peer review are published, this continuously change so the court has an ever-changing landscape.
* This allows for a case by case evaluation.

Question 35

What is the history of frye admissibility of evidence

Answer 35

Frye v. United States 1923, D.C. circuit court of appeals
• Frye is commonly referred to as the “general acceptance test.” Scientific
methods that are generally accepted are admissible, and scientific methods that are on the fringe, or not “sufficiently established” are not admissible.
• Result: General acceptance
• Limitation: Scientific advancements and specializations of disciplines

Question 36

What is the history of daubert admissibility of evidence

Answer 36

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical
•Whether a theory or technique can be and has been tested;
•Whether the theory or technique has been subject to both peer review and publication;
•Whether it has attracted widespread acceptance within the relevant scientific community

Question 37

Explain the st valentine day massacre

Answer 37

It happen on February 14, 1929
• murder of seven members and
associates of Chicago’s North Side Gang
• Purpose: Elimination of the last challenge to
Al Capone for crime boss
• 4 men (2 dressed as police officers) raided
a garage and opened fire killing 7 men