introduction

Question 1

culture

Answer 1

things that are learned and shared by a group of society and are transmitted through generation

Question 2

values

Answer 2

overarching ideas about how a society should function

Question 3

norms

Answer 3

expected rules of behaviour that are shaped by the values held in a culture

Question 4

roles

Answer 4

each culture will be made up of people who we will expect to behave in particular ways

Question 5

status

Answer 5

each culture will give different levels of social esteem to its members and objectives within it

Question 6

rituals

Answer 6

predictable, often unconscious forms of behaviour that distinguish one group from another

Question 7

sanctions

Answer 7

penalties that are used when deviant behaviour occurs

Question 8

formal norms

Answer 8

written

Question 9

informal norms

Answer 9

social

Question 10

ascribed status

Answer 10

born status

Question 11

achieved status

Answer 11

earned status

Question 12

subculture

Answer 12

is a group of people in society who share norms, values and beliefs that are different to mainstream culture

Question 13

agencies of socialisation

Answer 13

mass media, peer groups, religion,

Question 14

socialisation

Answer 14

is the process of learning ones culture- all the things that are necessary for us to be accepted as a full member of society

Question 15

primary socialisation

Answer 15

takes place in the early years of your life and occurs largely within the family , where we learn our language, skills and norms

Question 16

secondary socialisation

Answer 16

takes place later, in school and wider society, adult world

Question 17

structural view

Answer 17

we are shaped by the structure of society, and act according to norms and expectations {macro}

Question 18

social action view

Answer 18

we have free will and choice, create society through interactions {micro}

Question 19

functionalists [ society is in consensus or conflict ]

Answer 19

consensus [agreement]

Question 20

Marxists [society is in consensus or conflict ]

Answer 20

conflict - 2 class conflict model [ruling class vs working class ]

Question 21

biological analogy

Question 22

institutions support … [Marxism]

Answer 22

capitalism

Question 23

class conflict [m]

Answer 23

the bourgeoisie exploit the workers and profit from their labour, Marx believed that this would lead to a revolution for a classless society

Question 24

feminism [consensus or conflict ]

Answer 24

conflict - gender is more important and institutions are male dominated/ patriarchal

Question 25

postmodernists

Answer 25

a post industrial society in which change is rapid and uneven, people have lost faith in religion

Question 26

criticism of postmodernists

Answer 26

they exaggerate the changes that have happened in society

Question 27

Marx [identity]

Answer 27

fixed - class

Question 28

functionalist [identity ]

Answer 28

fixed - socialised

Question 29

postmodernists believe

Answer 29

society is fragmented into different groups, these groups are based on age, gender,ethnicity, religion, sexuality and nationality. diversity means you can pick and mix identity

Question 30

interactionist [response to crime]

Answer 30

take a social action response to crime, caused by labels

Question 31

interactionist [Mary Cameron ]

Answer 31

shoplifting in Chicago, assumptions about the typical teenagers - w/c, black. they prosecuted more black people

Question 32

inequality statistics

Answer 32

Richest 10% in britain own 44% of the nation’s wealth, while the poorest half share 9%

More women than men are in poverty, on average women earn 15% less than men

Manual workers earn less than non manual workers and are more likely to become unemployed, people in class v are more likely to smoke (3x)

Unemployment is twice as high for ethnic minorities than white people, em tend to earn less than white people

Question 33

research methods examples

Answer 33

social surveys, participant observations, official statistics